Resumen
Introducción. La gestión y políticas sanitarias deben priorizar la eficiencia y resultados en salud, actualizando constantemente las prácticas y procedimientos de intervención y evaluación sanitaria.
Objetivo. Diseñar una propuesta teórico-metodológica para sistematizar los resultados de la utilización de metodologías Lean en salud y aplicar el modelo en el ámbito sanitario occidental.
Metodología. Se diseñó una herramienta teórico-metodológica combinando los sistemas de indicadores del modelo de Donobedian, del Sistema Nacional de Salud y del modelo de Atención Sanitaria Basada en el Valor. El mapa analítico-conceptual creado se aplicó en la revisión sistemática de los estudios empíricos cuantitativos y mixtos publicados en los últimos cinco años sobre el impacto de Lean en salud.
Resultados. Los 33 estudios analizados, principalmente diseños cuantitativos pre-post, describieron y evaluaron el impacto de intervenciones Lean variadas (flujo de valor, ciclo PDSA/PDCA, Lean Six Sigma y evento Kaizen), orientadas a mejorar la eficiencia y calidad asistencial. La mayoría de los estudios se concentraron en contextos hospitalarios (quirófanos, Cuidados Intensivos y Farmacia) y en mediciones centradas en el eje organizacional (oferta de servicios y accesibilidad, gestión de tiempos y organización del trabajo, reducción de costes, eficiencia y seguridad), con menor atención a los aspectos centrados en el valor para pacientes (resultados en salud, satisfacción y efectos a largo plazo).
Conclusiones. El análisis estructurado basado en el mapa analítico-conceptual permitió dimensionar los resultados Lean en salud, identificar las áreas de gestión y calidad con más aplicación e impacto Lean y señalar la necesidad de ampliar las investigaciones en el eje del valor para pacientes.
Nuño-Solinís R, Urtaran-Laresgoiti M, Urizar E y Antepara C. La transformación hacia una sanidad basada en valor. Bibao: Deusto Business School; 2019. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.24905.80486
Graban M. Lean Hospitals: Improving Quality, Patient Safety, and Employee Engagement. Boca Ratón: CRC Press; 2016.
Souza DL, Korzenowski AL, Alvarado M, Sperafico JH, Friedl Ackermann AE, Mareth T et al. A Systematic Review on Lean Applications' in Emergency Departments. Healthcare. 2019;9(6):e763. doi:10.3390/healthcare9060763
Magalhães ALP, Erdmann AL, da Silva EL y Dos Santos JLG. Lean thinking in health and nursing: An integrative literature review. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2016; 24:e2734. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.0979.2734
Johnson JE, Smith AL y Mastro KA. From Toyota to the bedside: nurses can lead the lean way in health care reform. Nurs. Adm. Q. 2012;36:234-242. doi:10.1097/NAQ.0b013e318258c3d5
Filser L, Da Silva F y De Oliveira O. State of research and future research tendencies in lean healthcare: a bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics. 2017;112(2): 1-18.
Miller R, Chalapati N. Utilizing lean tools to improve value and reduce outpatient wait times in an Indian hospital. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl). 2015;28(1):57-69. doi:10.1108/LHS-01-2014-0001.
Menachemi N, Tinsley T, Johnston A y Schulhof A. Implementation of lean in a health system: Lessons learned from a meta-analysis of rapid improvement events, 2013-2017. J Healthc Manag. 2020;65(6):407-417. doi:10.1097/JHM-D-19-00097
Anonimizado
D'Andreamatteo A, Ianni L, Lega F y Sargiacomo M. Lean in healthcare: A comprehensive review. Health Policy. 2015;119(9):1197-1209. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.02.002
Akmal A, Greatbanks R y Foote J. Lean thinking in healthcare – findings from a systematic literature network and bibliometric analysis. Health Policy. 2020; 124(6):615-627. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.04.008
Reponen E, Rundall TG, Shortell SM, Blodgett JC, Juarez A, Jokela R et al. Benchmarking outcomes on multiple contextual levels in lean healthcare: A systematic review, development of a conceptual framework, and a research agenda. BMC Health Services Research. 2021;21(1). doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06160-6
Marsilio M y Pisarra M. Lean management in health care: A review of reviews of socio-technical components for effective impact. J Health Organ Manag. 2020;35(4):475-491. doi:10.1108/JHOM-06-2020-0241
Donobedian A. La Calidad de la atención médica, definición y métodos de evaluación. Ciudad de México: Editorial La Prensa Médica Mexicana; 1984.
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Indicadores clave del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Consejo Interterritorial del SNS-SbC de Sistemas de Información. Plan de Calidad para el Sistema Nacional de Salud; 2007. https://www.sanidad.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/sisInfSanSNS/pdf/indicadoresClaveCISNS.pdf
Porter ME y Teisberg EO. Redefining health care: creating value-based competition on results. Boston: Harvard Business School Press; 2006.
Porter ME. What is value in health care. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2477-2481.
Willke RJ, Burke LB, Erickson P. Measuring treatment impact: a review of patient-reported outcomes and other efficacy endpoints in approved product labels. Control Clin Trials. 2004;25:535–52.
Lindgren P y Althin R. Something borrowed, something new: measuring hospital performance in the context of value based health care. Eur J Health Econ. 2021;22:851-854.
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG y PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine. 2009; 6(7):e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal. pmed.1000097
JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute). Checklist for Case Reports; 2020. https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools
Ammanuel SG, Chan AK, Digiorgio AM, Alazzeh M, Nwachuku K, Robinson LC et al. Perioperative anesthesia lean implementation is associated with increased operative efficiency in posterior cervical surgeries at a high-volume spine center. Neurospine. 2020;17(2):390-397. doi:10.14245/ns.1938318.159
Ankrum AL, Neogi S, Morckel MA, Wilhite AW, Li Z y Schaffzin JK. Reduced isolation room turnover time using lean methodology. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2019;40(10):1151-1156. doi:10.1017/ice.2019.199
Blouin-Delisle CH, Drolet R, Gagnon S, Turcotte S, Boutet S, Coulombe M et al. Improving flow in the OR. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2018;31(2):150-161. doi:10.1108/IJHCQA-01-2017-0014
Boronat F, Budia A, Broseta E, Ruiz-Cerdá JL y Vivas-Consuelo D. Aplicación de la metodología Lean healthcare en un servicio de urología de un hospital terciario como herramienta de mejora de la eficiencia. Actas Urol. Esp. 2018;42(1):42-48. doi:10.1016/j.acuro.2017.03.009
Boyle S, Tyrrell O, Quigley A y Wall C. Improving ward level efficiency using a modified treatment room layout according to lean methodologies. Ir. J. Med. Sci. 2022;191(1):127-132. doi:10.1007/s11845-021-02590-7
Brunsman AC. Using lean methodology to optimize time to antibiotic administration in patients with sepsis. AJHP. 2018;75(5):S13-S23. doi:10.2146/ajhp161017
Burr KL, Stump AA, Bladen RC, O’brien PR, Lemon BJ, Tearl DK et al. Twice-daily huddles improves collaborative problem solving in the respiratory care department. Resp Care. 2021;66(5): 822-828. doi:10.4187/respcare.07717
Caro Teller, J.M, Pablos Bravo, S., Serrano Garrote, O. et al. (2020). Implementación Lean Six Sigma en la mejora del circuito de dispensación de medicación. JHQR. 35(6), 364-371.
Castro C, Pereira T y Santos G. Logistics reorganisation and management of the ambulatory pharmacy of a local health unit in Portugal. Eval Program Plann. 2020; 80. doi:10.1016/j.evaprogplan.2020.101801
Cichos KH, Hyde ZB, Mabry SE, Ghanem ES, Brabston EW, Hayes LW et al. Optimization of orthopedic surgical instrument trays: Lean principles to reduce fixed operating room expenses. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(12); 2834-2840. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2019.07.040
Coffey C, Cho ES, Wei E, Luu A, Ho M, Amaya R et al. Lean methods to improve operating room elective first case on-time starts in a large, urban, safety net medical center. Am. J. Surg. 2018;216(2):194-201. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.05.002
Davis T, Beste J, Batish S, Watford R y Farrell S. Eliminating patient identified barriers to decrease medicaid inpatient admission rates and improve quality of care. JABFM. 2020;33(2):220-229. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2020.02.190275
Eamranond PP, Bhukhen A, DiPalma D, Kunuakaphun S, Burke T, Rodis J et al. Interprofessional, multitiered daily rounding management in a high-acuity hospital. Int. J. Health Care Qual. 2020;33(6):447-461. doi:10.1108/IJHCQA-09-2019-0158
Elsasser EJ, White CA y Jones MR. Implementation of a transformational plan of care at a veterans affairs medical center. AJHP. 2018;75(17):S63-S71. doi:10.2146/ajhp170485
Ezezika J, Easton L, Chung H, Barbera L, Ravi A, Hill-Mugford D et al. Going lean to improve the patient experience in a high-throughput brachytherapy program. JMIRS. 2018;49(2):130-135. doi:10.1016/j.jmir.2018.03.001
Fields E, Neogi S, Schoettker PJ y Lail J. Using lean methodologies to streamline processing of requests for durable medical equipment and supplies for children with complex conditions. Healthcare. 2018;6(4):245-252. doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2017.11.00
Fiorillo A, Sorrentino A, Scala A, Abbate V, Orabona GD. Improving performance of the hospitalization process by applying the principles of Lean thinking. TQM Journal. 2021; 33(7):253-271.
Gayoso-Rey M, Martínez-López de Castro N, Paradela-Carreiro A et al. Metodología Lean: diseño y evaluación de un modelo estandarizado de almacenaje de medicación. Farm Hosp. 2021;45(1):3-9.
Grassi MO, Furino C, Recchimurzo N, De Vitis F, Sborgia G, Sborgia L et al. Implementation of lean healthcare methodology in designing an intravitreal injection center: First Italian experience. Int Ophthalmol. 2020;40(10):2607-2615. doi:10.1007/s10792-020-01441-1
Hill M, Roshon K, Bladen C, Haley E, McClelland J y Suter M. Decreasing door-to-groin puncture times in a nonacademic comprehensive stroke center. J Neurosci Nurs. 2020;52(3):132-135. doi:10.1097/JNN.0000000000000505
Hung DY, Truong QA y Liang S. Implementing lean quality improvement in primary care: Impact on efficiency in performing common clinical tasks. J Gen Intern Med. 2021;36(2):274-279. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06317-9
Hunt JR, Ouellette KJ y Reece M. Using lean to enhance heart failure patient identification processes and increase core measure scores. J. Nurs. Care Qual. 2019;34(1):28-33. doi:10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000330
Improta G, Ricciardi C, Borrelli, A. et al. The application of six sigma to reduce the pre-operative length of hospital stay at the hospital. IJLSS. 2020;11(3):555-576. doi:10.1108/IJLSS-02-2019-0014
Koonce T y Neutze D. Improving patient care through workspace renovation and redesign: A lean approach. Fam Med. 2020;52(6):435-439. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2020.429243
Kramer C, Doellman D, Blaser C, Rosenberg RH y Bernatchez SF. A quality improvement approach in standardizing pediatric central venous catheter dressings and its impact on the reduction of central line-associated bloodstream infections and costs. JAVA 2019;24(2): 11-19. doi:10.2309/j.Java.2019.002.002
Lee P, Pham L, Oakley S et al. Using lean thinking to improve hypertension in a community health centre: a quality improvement report. BMJ Open Quality 2019;8(1): e000373. doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000373
Lindholm J, Laine I, Hippala H, Ylinen P y Tuuminen R. Improving eye care services with a lean approach. Acta Ophtal. 2018:96(7):724-728. doi:10.1111/aos.13703
Meacock J, Mukherjee S y Sheikh A. Increasing patient flow through neurosurgical critical care: the Leeds Improvement Method. BMJ Open Qual 2021;10(2):e001143. doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001143.
Moore S y Arthur, R. A quality improvement initiative: using Lean methodology to improve efficiency of the morning cycle monitoring at an Ambulatory Academic Fertility Clinic. JOGC. 2019; 41(6):755-761.
Oetgen ME, Martin BD, Gordish-Dressman H, Cronin J y Pestieau SR. Effectiveness and sustainability of a standardized care pathway developed with use of lean process mapping for the treatment of patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 2018;100(21):1864-1870. doi:10.2106/JBJS.18.00079
Schretlen S, Hoefsmit P, Kats S, Van Merode G, Maessen J y Zandbergen R. Reducing surgical cancellations: A successful application of lean six sigma in healthcare. BMJ Open Quality 2021;10(3). doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001342
Sheehan JR, Lyons B y Holt F. The use of Lean Methodology to reduce personal protective equipment wastage in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Paediatr Anaesth. 2021;31(2):213-220.
Ullah MF, Fleming C, Fox C et al. Patient experience in a surgical unit following a closed-loop audit using a Kaizen Lean system. Ir. J. Med. Sci. 2020; 189(2): 641-647.
Bucci S, De Belvis AG, Marventano S, De Leva AC, Tanzariello M, Specchia ML et al. Emergency department crowding and hospital bed shortage: Is lean a smart answer? A systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Scis. 2016; 20(20): 4209-4219.
Marín-García JA, Vidal-Carreras PI y García-Sabater JJ. The role of value stream mapping in healthcare services: A scoping review. IJERPH. 2021;18(3):1-25. doi:10.3390/ijerph18030951
Burroni L, Biancardi C, Romagnolo C, Cotignolli C, Palucci A, Fringuelli, FM et al. Lean approach to improving performance and efficiency in a nuclear medicine department. Clin Transl Imaging. 2021;9(2):129-139. doi:10.1007/s40336-021-00418
Deblois S y Lepanto L. Lean and six sigma in acute care: A systematic review of reviews. Int. J. Health Care Qual. 2016;29(2):192-208. doi:10.1108/IJHCQA-05-2014-0058
Goga JK, Michaels A, Zisselman M, Depaolo A, Khushalani S, Walters JK et al. Reducing opioid use for chronic pain in older adults. AJHP. 2019:76(8): 554-559. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxz025
Afsar-manesh N, Lonowski S y Namavar AA. Leveraging lean principles in creating a comprehensive quality program: The UCLA health readmission reduction initiative. Healthcare. 2017;5(4):194-198. doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2016.12.002
Lima RM, Dinis-Carvalho J, Souza TA, Vieira E y Gonçalves B. Implementation of lean in health care environments: an update of systematic reviews. IJLSS. 2021;12(2):399-431. doi:10.1108/IJLSS-07-2019-0074
Van Leijen-Zeelenberg JE, Brunings JW, Houkes I, van Raak AJ, Ruwaard D, Vrijhoef HJ, Kremer B. Using Lean Thinking at an otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic to improve quality of care. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(4):839-46. doi: 10.1002/lary.25741
Moraros J, Lemstra M y Nwankwo C. Lean interventions in healthcare: Do they actually work? A systematic literature review. IJQHC. 2016;28(2):150-165. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzv123
Hung DY, Gray CP, Truong QA y Harrison MI. Sustainment of lean redesigns for primary care teams. Qual Manag Health Care. 2019;28(1):15-24. doi:10.1097/QMH.0000000000000200
Hung DY, Harrison MI, Liang S y Truong QA. Contextual conditions and performance improvement in primary care. Qual Manag Health Care. 2019; 28(2):70-77. doi:10.1097/QMH.0000000000000198
Hung DY, Harrison MI, Martinez MC y Luft HS. Scaling lean in primary care: Impacts on system performance. Am J Manag Care. 2017;23(3): 161-168.
Hung DY, Mujal G, Jin A y Liang S. Patient experiences after implementing lean primary care redesigns. Health Serv Res. 2021;56(3):363-370. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13605
Anderson JB, Marstiller H, Shah K. Lean Thinking for Primary Care. Prim Care. 2019;46(4):515-527.
Zibrowski E, Shepherd L, Booth R, Sedig K, Gibson C. A Qualitative Study of the Theory Behind the Chairs: Balancing Lean-Accelerated Patient Flow With the Need for Privacy and Confidentiality in an Emergency Medicine Setting. JMIR Hum Factors. 2019;6(1):e11714. doi: 10.2196/11714
Lindskog P, Vanje A, Tornkvist A, Eklund J. Sustainable Lean in psychiatry? Assessment through socio-technical principles IJQSS. 2016;8(1):53-71. doi: 10.1108/IJQSS-07-2015-0056
Nilsson, E., Kristensen, M., Orwelius, L. Patient-reported outcomes in the Swedish National Quality Registers. JIM. 2016;279(2):141-153.
Moreno Carrillo A., Mauricio Muñoz O., Díaz Porta, R. M. Aplicación de los principios Lean del sistema de producción Toyota para la mejora de los tiempos de atención del servicio de urgencias de un hospital de alta complejidad. RGPS. 2023; 22. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.rgps22.alpt

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2024 Alina Danet, Juan José Pérez Lázaro