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Palabras clave
aprovechamiento de aguas lluvias
sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible (SUDS)
humedal horizontal de flujo subsuperficial
sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible (SUDS)
humedal horizontal de flujo subsuperficial
Cómo citar
Hacia un sistema humedal-construido/tanque-regulador para el aprovechamiento de aguas lluvias en una cuenca experimental de Colombia. (2015). Ingenieria Y Universidad, 19(2), 169-185. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.iyu19-2.tcws
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Resumen
Este artículo presenta el panorama general del proyecto de aprovechamiento de aguas lluvias (AALL) de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá (PUJB). En Colombia se han desarrollado algunas investigaciones que contemplan el AALL, pero no se han desarrollado investigaciones que consideren sistemas urbanos de drenaje sostenible para este propósito. El proyecto de AALL de la PUJB es el resultado de un proceso de investigación desarrollado desde el 2007 por el grupo de investigación Ciencia e Ingeniería del Agua y el Ambiente, dentro del marco del proyecto de gestión ambiental de la PUJB y con el apoyo de Oficina de Recursos Físicos. La tecnología escogida, humedal-construido/tanque-regulador (HCTR), recoge la escorrentía de un edifificio de parqueaderos de la universidad (3776 m2), de la cancha de fútbol y de las áreas alrededor del sistema (14 816 m2). El HCTR cuenta con un programa de monitoreo encargado de registrar los cambios del agua en términos de cantidad. Los primeros resultados del comportamiento del HCTR muestran que el sistema cumple su propósito, en cuanto a atenuación del pico y del volumen de escorrentía. Adicionalmente, este sistema puede verse como un laboratorio a escala real para estudiar la biodiversidad y los impactos ecológicos dentro de procesos hidrológicos e hidráulicos.
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[2] W.D. Shuster, D. Lye, A. de La Cruz, L.K. Rhea, K. O’connell, and A. Kelty, “Assessment of residential rain barrel water quality and use in Cincinnati, Ohio”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA), pp. 1-13, 2013, doi: 10.1111/jawr.12036
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[4] T.D. Fletcher, A. Deletic, V.G. Mitchell, and B.E. Hatt, “Reuse of urban runoff in Australia: a review of recent advances and remaining challenges”, Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 37, pp. S116-27, 2008.
[5] M. Van Roon, “Water localization and reclamation: steps towards low impact urban design and development”, Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 83, pp. 437-447, 2007.
[6] K. Zhu, L. Zhang, W. Hart, M. Liu, and H. Chen, “Quality issues in harvested rainwater in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau of northern China”, Journal of Arid Environments, vol. 57, pp. 487-505, 2004.
[7] E. Ghisi, D. Fonseca Tavares, and V. Rocha, “Rainwater harvesting in petrol stations in Brasília: Potential for potable water savings and investment feasibility analysis”, Journal of Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 54, pp. 79-85, 2009, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.06.010
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[13] O.O. Aladenola and O.B. Adeboye, “Assessing the potential for rainwater harvesting”, Water Resources Management, vol. 24, pp. 2129-2137, 2010.
[14] E. Rozos, C. Makropoulos, and D. Butler, “Design robustness of local waterrecycling schemes”, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 531-538, 2010.
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[17] A. Assayed et al., “On-site rainwater harvesting to achieve household water security among rural and peri-urban communities in Jordan”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 73, pp. 72-77, 2013.
[18] K.M. Debusk, J.D. Wright, and W.F. Hunt, “Demonstration and monitoring of rainwater harvesting technology in North Carolina”, in Low Impact Development International Conference (LID), San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos, 11-14 de abril 2010, pp. 1-10, doi: 10.1061/41099(367)1
[19] M.S. Lariyah, M.D Mohd Nor, Z.A. Mohamed Roseli, M. Zulkefli, and M.P. Amirah Hanim, “Application of water sensitive urban design at local scale in Kuala Lumpur”, in The 12nd International Conference on Urban Drainage, Porto Alegre, 10-15 September 2011, pp. 1-14.
[20] R. Farreny, T. Morales-Pinzón, A. Guisasola, C. Taya, J. Rieradevall, and X. Gabarrell, “Roof selection for rainwater harvesting: quantity and quality assessments in Spain”, Water Research, vol. 45, pp. 3245-3254, 2011.
[21] M. Jones and W. Hunt, “Performance of rainwater harvesting systems in the southeastern United States Resources”, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 54, pp. 623-629, 2010.
[22] M. Han and J. Park, “Innovative rainwater harvesting and management in the republic of Korea”, in Rainwater and Urban Design 2007 [online]. [Barton, A.C.T.]: Engineers Australia, 2007, pp. 329-339. Available: http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=889583555548333;res=IELENG
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[27] J. Mentens, D. Raes, and M. Hermy, “Green roofs as a tool for solving the rainwater runoff problem in the urbanized 21st century?”, Landsc. Urban Plann., vol. 77, pp. 217-226, 2006.
[28] J.N. Carleton, T.J. Grizzard, A.N. Godrej, H.E. Post, L. Lampe, and P.P. Kenel, “Performance of constructed wetlands in treating urban storm water runoff ”, Water Environ. Res., vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 295-304(10), 2000.
[29] R.B.E. Shutes, D.M. Revitt, and L.N.L. Scholes, “An experimental constructed wetland system for the treatment of highway runoff in the UK”, Wat. Sci. Tech., vol. 44, no. 11/12, pp. 571-578, 2001.
[30] P. Rivera, J. Montt, and. B. Fernández, “Instalación piloto de pavimentos permeables para la gestión de aguas lluvias: descripción y resultados experimentales”, in XVI Congreso Chileno de Ingeniería Hidráulica, Santiago de Chile, 13-14 noviembre 2003, Sociedad Chilena de Ingeniería Hidráulica, 2003, pp. 1-11.
[31] C. H. Sim, M.K. Yusoff, B. Shutes, S.C. Ho, and M. Mansor, “Nutrient removal in a pilot and full scale constructed wetland, Putrajaya city, Malaysia”, J. Environ. Manage., vol. 88, pp. 307-317, 2008.
[32] G. Jenkins, M. Greenway, and C. Polson, “The impact of water reuse on the hydrology and ecology of a constructed stormwater wetland and its catchment”, Ecological Engineering, vol. 47, pp. 308-315, 2012.
[33] C.Y. Jim and. S.W., “Biophysical properties and thermal performance of an intensive green roof ”, Build. Environ., vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1263-1274, 2011.
[34] J. Ham, C.G. Yoon, H.-J. Kim, and H.-C. Kim, “Modeling the effects of constructed wetland on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement”, J. Environ. Sci., vol. 22, pp. 834-839, 2010.
[35] S. Terzakis, et al., “Constructed wetlands treating highway runoff in the central Mediterranean region”, Chemosphere, vol. 72, pp. 141-149, 2008.
[36] A. Torres, S. Méndez-Fajardo, A. Gutiérrez, and S. Sandoval, “The quality of rainwater runoff on roofs and its relation to uses and rain characteristics in the Villa Alexandra and Acacias Neighborhoods of Kennedy, Bogota, Colombia”, Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce, vol. 139, no. 10, pp. 1273-1278, 2013.
[37] N. Castañeda, “Propuesta de un sistema de aprovechamiento de agua lluvia como alternativa para el ahorro de agua potable”, Revista Gestión y Ambiente, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 25-40, 2010.
[38] J. Ramírez, “Construcción verde en concreto”, Noticreto. Revista de la Técnica y la Construcción, vol. 2, pp. 20-27, 2009.
[39] J.A. Lara-Borrero, A. Torres, M.C. Campos-Pinilla, L. Duarte-Castro, J.I. Echeverri-Robayo, and P.A. Villegas-González, “Aprovechamiento del agua lluvia para riego y para el lavado de zonas duras y fachadas en el campus de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá)”, Ing. Unv., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 193-202, 2007.
[40] J.A. Ballén, M.A. Galarza, and R.O. Ortiz, “Sistemas de aprovechamiento de agua lluvia para vivienda urbana”, in VI SEREA. Seminario Iberoamericano sobre Sistemas de Abastecimiento Urbano de Agua, João Pessoa, 5-7 de junio 2006, pp. 1-12.
[41] L. S. Sánchez and E. Caicedo, “Uso del agua lluvia en la Bocana-Buenaventura”, in AGUA 2003 Internacional: Usos Múltiples del Agua para la Vida y el Desarrollo Sostenible, Cartagena, Colombia, 2003, pp. 1-9.
[42] A. Torres, A. L. Santa, and J.A. Quintero, “Desempeño hidráulico de un modelo de trinchera de retención utilizada como componente del drenaje urbano”, Revista Acodal, vol. 229, no. 1, pp. 19-27, 2012.
[43] C. Devia, A. Puentes, N. Oviedo, A. Torres, and H. Angarita, “Cubiertas verdes y dinámica hídrica en la ciudad”, in XXV Congreso Latinoamericano de Hidráulica, San José, Costa Rica, 9 al 12 de septiembre 2012.
[44] D. Álvarez and J. Celedón, “Evaluación de las capacidades hidráulicas y de retención de contaminantes de un modelo de trinchera de retención construida con una canastilla en PVC (Aquacell) acoplada con capa filtrante en geotextil, arena y grava utilizada como componente del drenaje urbano”, MSc. Thesis, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2012.
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