Keywords
students
emotional intelligence
stress
psychometric properties
How to Cite
Abstract
Stress is a fundamental psychosocial variable in the training process and subsequent professional practice of nursing students. The aim of this study is to analyse the psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983). A total of 537 undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the university campus of Ceuta and Melilla (University of Granada), aged between 18 and 55 years, participated in the study. For the analysis of the psychometric properties (reliability and AFE), the SPSS 30.0 statistical package and the Factor Analysis Program v.10.9.02 (Lorenzo-Seva & Ferrando, 2006) were used. The results obtained were adequate according to the reliability indices analysed, demonstrating the reliability and validity of the scale (PSS) formed by two factors: perceived coping resources with a Chronbach's alpha of 0.850 and 0.811, respectively. Stress interacts with the academic context and can affect students' mental health.
Alcaraz-Britez, A. G., Alderete-Kosian, A. W., Alvarez-Brizuela, M. A., Perez-Escurra, E. D., Franco-Gonzalez, L. M., & Sosa-Gonzalez, S. J. (2023). Burnout syndrome in internal medicine resident physicians. Revista Virtual de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna, 10(1), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2023.10.01.57
Alonso, M. A., Gonzalez-Ortiz-de-Zarate, A., Gomez-Flechoso, M. A., & Castrillón, M. (2024). Effectiveness of a peer mentoring on university dropout and academic performance. Psicologia Educativa, 30(1), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.5093/psed2024a5
Alvarez-Luna, H. R., & Rodríguez-Méndez, L. (2023). Depression in idiopathic parkinson’s disease patients. Acta Médica del Centro, 17(4), 704-716.
Andreou, E., Alexopoulos, E. C., Lionis, C., Varvogli, L., Gnardellis, C., Chrousos, G. P., & Darviri, C. (2011). Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and validity study in Greece. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8(8), 3287–3298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8083287
Aponte-Daza, V. C., Valdivia, F. P., Tapia, B. P., & García, F. (2022). Early grief and coping with stress in the informal caregiver of the elderly. Liberabit, 28(2), e621. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2022.v28n2.621
Aslan, I., Ochnik, D., & Çınar, O. (2020). Exploring Perceived Stress among students in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238961
Atkinson, S. R. (2020). Elevated psychological distress in undergraduate and graduate entry students entering first year medical school. PLoS ONE, 15(8), e0237008. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237008
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Bollen, K. A. & Long, J. S. (1993). Testing structural equation models. Sage Publishing.
Borborema, R. D. B., Alves, V. H., Rodrigues, D. P., Vieira, B. D. G., Pereira, A. V., Brito, M. J. M., Santiago, G. M., & Flauzino, S. do N. R. (2024). Technological advances in obstetric nursing consultations using ultrasound. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 33, e20230236. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2023-0236en
Bresolin, J. Z., Dalmolin, G. de L., Vasconcellos, S. J. L., Berlem, E. L. D., Andolhe, R., & Magnago, T. S. B. de S. (2020). Depressive symptoms among healthcare undergraduate students. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 28, e3239. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3210.3239
Campo-Arias, A., Oviedo, H. C., & Herazo, E. (2014). Escala de Estrés Percibido-10: Desempeño psicométrico en estudiantes de medicina de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 62(3), 407-413. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=576363530010
Cara-Rodríguez, R., Cara-Rodríguez, M., Gálvez-Rodríguez, M. del M., Martínez-Pérez, C., & Rodríguez-López, C. M. (2021). Life habits and academic performance during the examination period in nursing students. Revista Cubana de Enfermería, 37(2), e3703.
Cárdaba-García, R. M., Ovejero-de Pablo, M. S., & Soto-Cámara, R. (2020). Perception of the classroom social climate by nursing students in three Spanish Universities. Enfermería universitaria, 17(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.22201/eneo.23958421e.2020.1.645
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. y Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
Costa, M. F. B. N. A. da, Ciosak, S. I., Andrade, S. R. de, Soares, C. F., Pérez, E. I. B., & Bernardino, E. (2020). Continuity of hospital discharge care for primary health care: Spanish practice. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 29, e20180332. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2018-0332
Cubero, J., Benavente, M. J., Melo, L. V., de la Hoz, A., Carvalho, J. L., & Luengo, R. (2022). Design of a qualitative analysis of university competencies by webQDA for the formation of the nursing degree. New Trends in Qualitative Research, 12, e724. https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.12.2022.e724
de la Fuente, J., Verónica Paoloni, P., Vera-Martínez, M. M., & Garzón-Umerenkova, A. (2020). Effect of levels of self-regulation and situational stress on achievement emotions in undergraduate students: Class, study and testing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124293
Dois-Castellón, A., Bravo-Valenzuela, P., & Martínez-Pereira, A. (2022). El Buen trato en el encuentro clínico de enfermería: Características y atributos. Index de Enfermería, 31(4), 250-254. https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20225169
Fernández, A. L. V. (2022). Research on intercultural nursing theories in the field of education: State of the art. New Trends in Qualitative Research, 12, e619. https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.12.2022.e619
Giménez-Espert, M. del C., Castellano-Rioja, E., & Prado-Gascó, V. J. (2020). Empathy, emotional intelligence, and communication in nursing: The moderating effect of the organizational factors. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 28, e3333. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3286.3333
González-Ramírez, M. T., Rodríguez-Ayán, M. N., & Hernández, R. L. (2013). The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): Normative data and factor structure for a large-scale sample in Mexico. The Spanish journal of psychology, 16, E47. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.35
IBM Corp. (2024). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 30.0) [Programa informático]. IBM Corp.
Keech, J. J., Hagger, M. S., O’Callaghan, F. V., & Hamilton, K. (2018). The influence of university students’ stress mindsets on health and performance outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 52(12), 1046-1059. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kay008
Lee E. H. (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the Perceived Stress Scale. Asian nursing research, 6(4), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2012.08.004
Lorenzo-Seva, U. & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavioral Research Methods, 38(1), 88-91. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192753
Marteau, T. M., & Bekker, H. (1992). State-trait anxiety inventory—state scale (short form) (STAI-6) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t03062-000
McDonald, R. P., & Marsh, H. W. (1990). Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.247
Nery, T. B., Rossato, L., & Scorsolini-Comin, F. (2023). Challenges to the adaptation to higher education in nursing undergraduate students. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 27, e234666. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-35392023-234666
Oliveira, E. S. de., Silva, A. F. R. da., Silva, K. C. B. da., Moura, T. V. C., Araujo, A. L. de., & Silva, A. R. V. da. (2020). Stress and health risk behaviors among university students. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem, 73(1), e20180035. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0035
Ornellas, T. C. F., & Monteiro, M. (2023). Lifelong learning in nursing: Modern challenges. Revista de Enfermagem Referência, 6(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.12707/rvi22055
Ortet-Walker, J., Mezquita, L., Vidal-Arenas, V., Ortet, G., & Ibáñez, M. I. (2022). Validation of an abridged, 60-item form, of the junior spanish NEO inventory (JS NEO-A60). Current Psychology, 41(9), 6620-6630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01135-y
Perez, E. C., Gonzalez, E. M., & Sanchez-Hernandez, I. (2024). Resilience in action through culture: Latinas successfully navigating STEM spaces at an HSI. Education Sciences, 14(8), 848. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080848
Reis, R. S., Hino, A. A. F., & Añez, C. R. D. (2010). Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and validity study in Brazil. Journal of health psychology, 15(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309346343
Remor, E., & Carrobles, J. A. (2001). Versión española de la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-14): Estudio psicométrico en una muestra VIH+. Ansiedad y Estrés, 7(2-3), 195-201. https://www.ansiedadyestres.es/sites/default/files/rev/ucm/2001/anyes2001a14.pdf
Sánchez-Bolívar, L., Escalante-González, S., Rakdani-Arif-Billah, F. & Vázquez, L. M. (2024). Análisis estructural de los predictores psicosociales del estrés en el alumnado universitario en entornos fronterizos multirreligosos. Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado, 28(1), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.6018/reifop.621461
Taylor J. M. (2015). Psychometric analysis of the ten-item Perceived Stress Scale. Psychological assessment, 27(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038100
Vallejo, M. A., Vallejo-Slocker, L., Fernández-Abascal, E. G., & Mañanes, G. (2018). Determining factors for stress perception assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) in Spanish and other European samples. Frontiers in psychology, 9(37), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00037
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lionel Sánchez-Bolívar, Lindsay Michelle Vázquez, Franci Carolina Suazo-Rodríguez, Sergio Escalante-González