Palabras clave
Cáncer colorrectal
Terapia génica
Tratamiento
Cómo citar
Resumen
En el mundo, el cáncer colorrectal (CCR) presenta una alta incidencia tanto en hombres como en mujeres, con una mortalidad del 9,4 %. El estudio de diversos genes implicados como el MSH3 y MUTYH, entre otros, al igual que las múltiples vías afectadas que predisponen su aparición, como la vía Wnt/APC/β-catenina, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB y Ras/Raf, no solo han permitido el entendimiento de la fisiopatología para el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento del CCR, sino que también han concedido el avance en el establecimiento de nuevas técnicas como CRISPR. Utilizando el sistema CRISPR/Cas, se ha logrado reconocer genes que se constituyen en blancos terapéuticos como ZEB1, miR-139-5p y CCAT1, entre otros; además de favorecer la comprensión de la acción de las proteínas CD133, CD166, FUT4 y FUT9 en los procesos de tumorigénesis, quimiorresistencia, invasión y proliferación celular en CCR. Estudios en modelos in vitro e in vivo han demostrado su posible efectividad terapéutica y diagnóstica, pero no hay suficientes ensayos clínicos que demuestren la aplicación de esta herramienta en humanos. Luego, los hallazgos identificados en esta revisión representan un avance importante hacia la aplicación a futuro del CRISPR como terapia génica en CCR en humanos.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2022 Carlos Alberto Guzmán-Serrano, Sara Gutiérrez Bolívar, Carolina Hernández Tejada, Elizabeth Londoño-Velasco