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to a traumatic pathology, surgical procedures or mechanical ventilation. It is considered a benign pathology which rarely occurs with symptoms that can lead to other diagnosis related to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal or respiratory pathologies. It also has a low incidence according to literature, with reports of only one case for every 14,000 patients that visit emergency care services, having a higher incidence on young male adults that manifest thoracic pain and dyspnea, with additional related physical findings similar to a subcutaneous emphysema. This is a revision concerning spontaneous pneumomediastinum, a low incidence pathology with a clinical importance in the differential diagnosis of thoracic pain
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