Epidural Endoscopy: From Rigid Endoscopes to Microchips
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Abstract
From the dawn of medicine, low back pain has been one of the most frequent and complex pathologies. The treatment of this entity has always been a matter of interest throughout history. To such extent that ever since Bozzini first described the endoscope, in 1806, the possibility of direct visualization of the spinal canal has been explored seeking improved diagnostic and treatment alternatives. In this article we will navigate through the historical developments and state-of-the-art in epidural endoscopy focusing on possible future technological breakthroughs that will permit care of spinal pathology through increasingly less invasive techniques.
Keywords
dolor, lumbago, endoscopia, epidural, neuropático, Pain, low back pain, endoscopy, epidural, neuropathic,
References
1. Burman MS. Myeloscopy or the direct visualization of the spinal canal and its contents.
J Bone Joint Surg. 1931;13:665-96.
2. Stem EL. The spinascope: A new instrument for visualizing the spinal canal and its contents. Med Rec (NY). 1936;143:31-2
3. Pool J. Direct visualization of dorsal nerve roots of the cauda equina by means of a myeloscope. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1938;39:1308-12.
4. Pool JL. Myeloscopy: Intraspinal endoscopy. Surgery. 1942;11:169-82.
5. Ooi Y, Morisaki N. Intrathecal lumbar endoscope. Clin Orthop Surg. 1969;4:295-7.
6. Ooi Y, Morisaki N. Myeloscopy, possibility of observing lumbar intrathecal space by use of an endoscope. Endoscopy. 1973;5:90-6.
7. Blomberg RG, Olsson SS. The lumbar epidural space in patients examined with epiduroscopy. Anesth Analg. 1989;68:157-60.
8. Ooi Y, Satoh Y, Inoue K et al. Myeloscopy, with special reference to blood flow changes in the cauda equina during Lasegue’s test. Int Orthop. 1981;4:307-311.
9. Shimoji K, Fujioka H, Onodera M, Hokari T, Fukuda S, Fujiwara N, Hatori T. Observation of spinal canal and cistemae with the newly developed small-diameter, flexible fiberscopes. Anesthesiology. 1991;75:341-4.
10. Heavner J, Chokhavatia K, McDaniel K, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers in the epidural space via a flexible endoscope. In: 7th World Congress of Pain. Paris: International Association for the Study of Pain Publications; 1993.
11. Nickalls RW, Kokri MS. The width of posterior epidural space in obstetric patients. Anaesthesia. 1986;41(4):432-3.
12. Zarzur E. Genesis of the “true” negative pressure in the lumbar epidural space: A new hypothesis. Anaesthesia. 1984;39:1101-4.
13. Reina MA, Franco CD, Lopez A, De Andres JA, Van Zundert A. Clinical implications of epidural fat in the spinal canal. A scanning electron microscopic study. Acta Anaestesiol Belg. 2009;60:7-17.
14. Reina MA, Pulido P, Castedo J, Villanueva MC, Lopez A, Sola RG. Charachteristics and distribution of normal human epidural fat. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2006;53:363-72.
15. Parkin IG, Harrisson GR. The topographical anatomy of the lumbar epidural space. J Anatomy. 1995;141:211-7.
16. Domisse GF. The arteries and veins of the human spinal cord from birth. Edimburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1975.
17. Schutze G. Standards per epiduroscopia. Schmerzklinik Iserlohn; 1998.
18. Racz GB, Holubec J. Techniques of neurolysis. Boston: Kluwer Academic; 1999.
19. Serpell M, Coombs D, Colburn R. Intrathecal pressure recordings due to saline instillation in the epidural space. In: 7th World Congress of Pain. Paris: International Association for the Study of Pain Publications; 1993.
20. Nash T. Epiduroscopy for lumbar spinal stenosis. Br J Anaesth. 2005;94:250.
21. Manchikanti L, Boswell MV, Rivera JJ et al. A randomized, controlled trial of spinal endoscopic. BMC Anesthesiol. 2005 Jul 6;5:10.
22. Ruetten S, Meyer O, Godolias G. Application of holmium: YAG laser in epiduroscopy: extended practicabilities in the treatment of chronic back pain syndrome. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2002;20(4):203-5.
J Bone Joint Surg. 1931;13:665-96.
2. Stem EL. The spinascope: A new instrument for visualizing the spinal canal and its contents. Med Rec (NY). 1936;143:31-2
3. Pool J. Direct visualization of dorsal nerve roots of the cauda equina by means of a myeloscope. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1938;39:1308-12.
4. Pool JL. Myeloscopy: Intraspinal endoscopy. Surgery. 1942;11:169-82.
5. Ooi Y, Morisaki N. Intrathecal lumbar endoscope. Clin Orthop Surg. 1969;4:295-7.
6. Ooi Y, Morisaki N. Myeloscopy, possibility of observing lumbar intrathecal space by use of an endoscope. Endoscopy. 1973;5:90-6.
7. Blomberg RG, Olsson SS. The lumbar epidural space in patients examined with epiduroscopy. Anesth Analg. 1989;68:157-60.
8. Ooi Y, Satoh Y, Inoue K et al. Myeloscopy, with special reference to blood flow changes in the cauda equina during Lasegue’s test. Int Orthop. 1981;4:307-311.
9. Shimoji K, Fujioka H, Onodera M, Hokari T, Fukuda S, Fujiwara N, Hatori T. Observation of spinal canal and cistemae with the newly developed small-diameter, flexible fiberscopes. Anesthesiology. 1991;75:341-4.
10. Heavner J, Chokhavatia K, McDaniel K, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers in the epidural space via a flexible endoscope. In: 7th World Congress of Pain. Paris: International Association for the Study of Pain Publications; 1993.
11. Nickalls RW, Kokri MS. The width of posterior epidural space in obstetric patients. Anaesthesia. 1986;41(4):432-3.
12. Zarzur E. Genesis of the “true” negative pressure in the lumbar epidural space: A new hypothesis. Anaesthesia. 1984;39:1101-4.
13. Reina MA, Franco CD, Lopez A, De Andres JA, Van Zundert A. Clinical implications of epidural fat in the spinal canal. A scanning electron microscopic study. Acta Anaestesiol Belg. 2009;60:7-17.
14. Reina MA, Pulido P, Castedo J, Villanueva MC, Lopez A, Sola RG. Charachteristics and distribution of normal human epidural fat. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2006;53:363-72.
15. Parkin IG, Harrisson GR. The topographical anatomy of the lumbar epidural space. J Anatomy. 1995;141:211-7.
16. Domisse GF. The arteries and veins of the human spinal cord from birth. Edimburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1975.
17. Schutze G. Standards per epiduroscopia. Schmerzklinik Iserlohn; 1998.
18. Racz GB, Holubec J. Techniques of neurolysis. Boston: Kluwer Academic; 1999.
19. Serpell M, Coombs D, Colburn R. Intrathecal pressure recordings due to saline instillation in the epidural space. In: 7th World Congress of Pain. Paris: International Association for the Study of Pain Publications; 1993.
20. Nash T. Epiduroscopy for lumbar spinal stenosis. Br J Anaesth. 2005;94:250.
21. Manchikanti L, Boswell MV, Rivera JJ et al. A randomized, controlled trial of spinal endoscopic. BMC Anesthesiol. 2005 Jul 6;5:10.
22. Ruetten S, Meyer O, Godolias G. Application of holmium: YAG laser in epiduroscopy: extended practicabilities in the treatment of chronic back pain syndrome. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2002;20(4):203-5.
How to Cite
Acevedo González, J. C., & Harker Franco, P. (2014). Epidural Endoscopy: From Rigid Endoscopes to Microchips. Universitas Medica, 56(2), 200–211. Retrieved from https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/vnimedica/article/view/16358
Issue
Section
Short Reviews