Keywords
nucleus
condyle
occipital
tongue
How to Cite
Abstract
Hypoglossal nerve or twelfth cranial nerve supplies the tongue´s muscles, it has its real origin general somatic efferent in the hypoglossal motor nucleus; it is localized in the brain stem and its apparent origin in preolivary sulcus. It passes through anterior condyle foramen, after passes through neck and tongue. Along the hypoglossal nerve pathway by trigonum caroticum, trigonum submandibulare and trigonum submentale, it receives branches of the cervical plexus for the infra-hyoid muscles. Injuries of hypoglossal nerve are classified in centrals and peripherals which result in lingual paralysis and dysarthria; they are related with Schwannoma, occipital condyle fracture, atlantoaxial joint injury, and tumor of the base of the skull and neck. The anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve is important in language semiology, Bell paralysis for anastomoses facialhypoglossal nerve and surgery and head and neck injury to ward off iatrogenic.
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