Publicado oct 28, 2013



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Soledad Isabel Gómez Ramírez

Silvia Barrientos Sánchez

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Resumen

La caries dental continúa siendo un problema de salud pública mundial, a pesar de medidas como la fluorización del agua y el incremento de los planes de prevención. Desde los años sesenta, cuando se consolidó el papel microbiano en la fisiopatología, se iniciaron estudios encaminados a desarrollar una vacuna con fines preventivos. El Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), que es el principal microrganismo asociado, presenta tres antígenos importantes en la formación de la biopelícula: las glucosiltransferasas (GTF), la proteína de adhesión celular (PAc) y las proteínas fijadoras de glucanos (GBP). Estos antígenos proteicos participan en la colonización del microrganismo a la superficie del diente de diferentes formas: PAc es la responsable de la adhesión inicial a la superficie dental; las GTF, de la unión irreversible, y las GBP, de la unión a otras bacterias o coagregación. Cada una de estas proteínas ha sido estudiada en su conformación y mecanismo de acción, en búsqueda de la proteína óptima para inducir, en forma de vacuna, una respuesta inmune protectora frente a la caries. El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer un recuento de los aspectos más relevantes sobre estos antígenos y el estado actual del proceso de desarrollo de una vacuna con cada uno de ellos.

 

Dental caries remains a public health problem worldwide despite measures such as water fluoridation, and increased prevention plans. Since the 1960s when the paper of microbial pathophysiology was consolidated, studies began to develop a vaccine for prevention purposes. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), the main microorganism associated to dental decay have three relevant antigens in biofilm formation that are glucosyltransferases (GTFs), cell adhesion protein (PAc), and glucan binding proteins (GBP). These protein antigens involved in colonization of the microorganism to the surface of the tooth in different ways: PAc is responsible for the initial adhesion, irreversible binding GTF and GBP binding to other bacteria or coaggregation. Each of these proteins has been studied in their conformation and their mechanism of action aiming to induce optimal protein, as a vaccine, a protective immune response against caries. The aim of this review is to provide an account of the most relevant aspects of these antigens and the current status of the process of developing a vaccine to each of them.

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Cómo citar
Gómez Ramírez, S. I., & Barrientos Sánchez, S. (2013). Antígenos usados en vacunas contra la caries dental / Antigens Employed as Potential Vaccine against Dental Caries. Universitas Odontologica, 32(69), 73–82. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revUnivOdontologica/article/view/SICI%3A%202027-3444%28201307%2932%3A69%3C73%3AAUVCCD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5
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