Prevalencia de dientes incluidos, retenidos e impactados en radiografías panorámicas de población de Bogotá, Colombia / Prevalence of Included, Retained and Impacted Teeth, in Panoramic Radiographs of Population from Bogotá, Colombia
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RESUMEN. Antecedentes: La impactación, retención e inclusión dental son fenómenos frecuentes, con considerables variaciones según la región y grupos poblacionales, que pueden generar diferencias que implican la necesidad de analizarlas para entender su comportamiento. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de dientes incluidos, retenidos e impactados mediante el análisis de radiografías panorámicas digitales en pacientes que asisten a centros radiográficos del área de Bogotá - Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra a conveniencia de 3000 radiografías panorámicas digitales. Se evaluaron terceros molares, caninos y supernumerarios mediante la recolección de variables cualitativas que se analizaron descriptivamente. Resultados: La frecuencia de terceros molares, caninos y supernumerarios incluidos, retenidos e impactados fue del 34,7 %. Se encontraron 2.510 hallazgos, de los cuales 2.465 (98,2 %) fueron terceros molares, 14 (0,5 %) caninos y 32 (1,3 %) supernumerarios. Los terceros molares incluidos (11 %) y retenidos (23 %) se observaron con mayor frecuencia en maxilar superior y los terceros molares impactados fueron más comunes en mandíbula (53 %). El supernumerario impactado más frecuente fue el parapremolar (62,5 %). Los caninos impactados fueron más frecuentes en maxilar superior (85,71 %) y en mujeres (64,3 %). La mayoría de los caninos se encontraron en ubicación desfavorable de erupción (64,3 %). Conclusión: Se encontró una prevalencia del 34,7 % para retenidos, incluidos e impactados; los terceros molares más frecuentes fueron los mandibulares impactados mesioangulados en nivel C; el supernumerario impactado más común fue el parapremolar con presentación única; los caninos impactados se encontraron con mayor frecuencia en maxilar superior en posición desfavorable de erupción.
ABSTRACT. Background: Impactaction, retention and inclusion are frequent dental phenomena with high topographic variation depending on the buccal region and population group. This may create differences that require further analysis. Objective: To determine the frequency of third molars, canines and supernumeraries that can be diagnosed as included, retained or impacted, by running a retrospective descriptive analysis of orthopantomografic digital x-rays, from patients attending radiologic centers in the area of Bogota. Methods: a descriptive transversal study was conducted in a convenient sample of 3000 x-rays. Third molars, canines and supernumeraries were evaluated by the recollection of qualitative variables that were descriptively analyzed. Results: The frequency of third molars, canines and supernumeraries, retained, included or impacted was 34 %. 2,500 findings were recorded, of which 2,465 (98.2 %) were third molars, 14 (0.5 %) canines, and 32 (1.3 %) supernumeraries. Included third molars (11 %) and retained third molars (23 %) were observed with higher frequencies in the maxillary, and impacted third molars were most common in mandible (53 %). The most frequent impacted supernumerary was parapremolar (62.5 %). Impacted canines were more likely found in maxillary (85.71 %), and in females (64.3 %). Most canines were fund in a non-favorable eruption path. Conclusions: A prevalence of 34.7 % was found in included, retained and impacted teeth; the most frequent third molars were impacted mesioangular C level; the most frequent supernumerary was the impacted teeth with single presentation; impacted canines were found more frequently in the maxilla in an unfavorable eruptive path.
cirugía oral, dientes impactados, dientes incluidos, dientes retenidos, radiografía digital, radiografía panorámica
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