Prevalencia de herpes labial recurrente en población de 18 a 30 años de edad en Bogotá, Colombia / Prevalence of Recurrent Herpes Labialis in Population of 18-30 Years of Age in Bogota, Colombia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Antecedentes: la infección por virus del herpes simple-1 se ha asociado con patologías locales, como el herpes labial, y sistémicas, como las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, que son un importante problema de salud pública mundial. El herpes labial recurrente es una patología incapacitante, de difícil control y fácil diseminación, cuya prevalencia variable está influenciada por factores demográficos de la población. Propósito: determinar la prevalencia de lesiones herpéticas labiales en población de 18 a 30 años de edad en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: se encuestaron 1572 personas de los 6 estratos socioeconómicos de Bogotá. En la encuesta se preguntó por la presencia de las lesiones, su frecuencia y los factores asociados con su aparición, así como el uso de sustancias para su manejo. Resultados: la prevalencia de lesiones herpéticas labiales fue del 38,7 %, en su mayoría una vez al año, sin que existan diferencias entre sexos. El 57,9 % de los sujetos que respondieron afirmativamente tenían entre 18 y 23 años. Los estratos 1 y 2 mostraron mayor prevalencia de lesiones labiales. El factor desencadenante más frecuentemente asociado fue la fiebre, seguido por el estrés. El 52,7 % refirió utilizar alguna sustancia para su tratamiento, siendo los antivirales tópicos los de mayor uso. Conclusión: la infección clínica labial por el virus herpes simple-1 se presenta en un alto porcentaje de la población, con mayor frecuencia en jóvenes de bajo nivel socioeconómico, por lo cual es importante establecer controles para evitar su diseminación y prevenir daños más severos en población de riesgo.
Background: Herpes simplex virus-1 infection has been associated with local or systemic pathologies such as herpes labialis or sexually transmitted diseases, which are a major public health problem worldwide. Recurrent herpes labialis is a disabling, difficult to control, and of easy dissemination disease, whose variable prevalence is influenced by demographic factors of the population. Aim: To establish the prevalence of herpes labialis in a population of 18-30 years of age in Bogota, Colombia. Methods: 1572 people of the 6 socioeconomic strata of Bogotá were surveyed. This survey asked about the presence of lesions, frequency and factors associated with its appearance, and use of medications for its treatment. Results: The prevalence of herpes labialis lesions was 38.7%, mostly once a year, with no differences between genders. 57.9% of the subjects who responded affirmatively were between the ages of 18 and 23 years. Socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 showed higher prevalence of herpes labialis lesions. The triggering factor more frequently associated to the lesions was fever followed by stress. 52.7% reported the use of any given substance for the treatment of the lesions, being topical antiviral substances used the most. Conclusions: The clinical infection by herpes simplex virus-1 occurs in a high percentage of the population, most often among young people of lower socioeconomic level. It is important to establish controls to prevent dissemination and more severe damage in the population at risk.
2. Corey L, Spear PG. Infections with herpes simplex viruses (1). N Engl J Med. 1986 Mar; 314(11): 686-91.
3. Corey L, Spear PG. Infections with herpes simplex viruses (2). N Engl J Med. 1986 Mar; 314(12): 749-57.
4. 4.Turner A, Bruun B, Minson T, Browne H. Glycoproteins gB, gD, and gHgL of herpes simplex virus type 1 are necessary and sufficient to mediate membrane fusion in a Cos cell transfection system. J Virol. 1998 Jan; 72(1): 873-5.
5. Spear PG, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH. Three classes of cell surface receptors for alphaherpesvirus entry. Virology. 2000 Sep; 275(1): 1-8.
6. Pertel PE, Fridberg A, Parish ML, Spear PG. Cell fusion induced by herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gB, gD, and gH-gL requires a gD receptor but not necessarily heparan sulfate. Virology. 2001 Jan; 279(1): 313-4.
7. Quinn JP, Dalziel RG, Nash AA. Herpes virus latency in sensory ganglia–a comparison with endogenous neuronal gene expression. Prog Neurobiol. 2000 Feb; 60(2): 167-79.
8. Ward PL, Roizman B. Herpes simplex genes: the blueprint of a successful human pathogen. Trends Genet. 1994 Aug; 10(8): 267-74.
9. Gesser RM, Valyi-Nagy T, Altschuler SM, Fraser NW. Oral-oesophageal inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 causes latent infection of the vagal sensory ganglia (nodose ganglia). J Gen Virol. 1994 Sep; 75(Pt 9): 2379-86.
10. Openshaw H, McNeill JI, Lin XH, Niland J, Cantin EM. Herpes simplex virus DNA in normal corneas: persistence without viral shedding from ganglia. J Med Virol. 1995 May; 46(1): 75-80.
11. Kameyama T, Sujaku C, Yamamoto S, Hwang CBC, Shilitoe EJ. Shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 into saliva. J Oral Pathol. 1988 Nov; 17(9-10): 478-81.
12. Tateishi K, Toh Y, Minigawa H, Tashiro H. Detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the saliva from 1,000 oral surgery outpatients by the polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994 Feb; 23(2): 80-4.
13. Fatahzadeh M, Schwartz R. Human herpes simplex virus infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Nov; 57(5): 737-63.
14. Arama V, Cercel AS, Vladareanu R, Mihai C, Mihailescu R, Rankin J, Goshin S, Filipescu A, Rafila A, Arama S, Hristea A, Malkin JE, Pimenta JM, Smith JS. Type-specific herpes simplex virus-1 and herpes simplex virus-2 seroprevalence in Romania: comparison of prevalence and risk factors in women and men. Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Sep; 14 Suppl 3: e25-31.
15. Bernstein DI, Bellamy AR, Hook EW 3rd, Levin MJ, Wald A, Ewell MG, Deal CD, Heineman TC, Dubin G, Belshe RB. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibody response to primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in young women. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Feb; 56(3): 344-51.
16. Xu F, Schillinger JA, Sternberg MR, Johnson RE, Lee FK, Nahmias AJ, Markowitz LE. Seroprevalence and coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in the United States, 1988-1994. J Infect Dis. 2002 Apr; 185(8):1019-24.
17. Zheng M, Conrady CD, Ward JM, Bryant-Hudson KM, Carr DJ. Comparison of the host immune response to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 at two different mucosal sites. J Virol. 2012 Jul; 86(13): 7454-8.
18. Whitley RJ. Editorial commentary: Changing epidemiology of herpes simplex virus infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Apr; 56(7): 352-3.
19. Kimberlin DW. Neonatal herpes simplex infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Jan; 17(1): 1-13.
20. Chiang CH, Huang CC, Chan WL, Huang PH, Chen YC, Chen TJ, Lin SJ, Chen JW, Leu HB. Herpes simplex virus infection and risk of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study. Int J Cardiol. 2013 Apr; 164(2): 201-4.
21. Reynolds SJ, Makumbi F, Newell K, Kiwanuka N, Ssebbowa P, Mondo G, Boaz I, Wawer MJ, Gray RH, Serwadda D, Quinn TC. Effect of daily aciclovir on HIV disease progression in individuals in Rakai, Uganda, co-infected with HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Jun; 12(6): 441-8.
22. Tarter KD, Simanek AM, Dowd JB, Aiello AE. Persistent viral pathogens and cognitive impairment across the life course in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. J Infect Dis. 2014 Mar; 209(6): 837-44.
23. Stowe RP, Peek MK, Cutchin MP, Goodwin JS. Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with cytomegalovirus and age. J Med Virol. 2012 Nov; 84(11): 1797-802.
24. Oliver L, Wald A, Kim M, Zeh J, Selke S, Ashley R, Corey L. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus infections in a family medicine clinic. Arch Fam Med. 1995 Mar; 4(3): 228-32.
25. Gibson JJ, Hornung CA, Alexander GR, Lee FK, Potts WA, Nahmias AJ. A cross-sectional study of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in college students: occurrence and determinants of infection. J Infect Dis. 1990 Aug; 162(2): 306-12.
26. Bradley H, Markowitz LE, Gibson T, McQuillan GM. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2--United States, 1999-2010. J Infect Dis. 2014 Feb; 209(3): 325-33.
27. Lafferty WE, Coombs RW, Benedetti J, Critchlow C, Corey L. Recurrences after oral and genital herpes simplex virus infection. Influence of site of infection and viral type. N Engl J Med. 1987 Jun; 316(23): 1444-9.
28. Bernal J, Duperly E, Barrientos S, Rodríguez A. Medición de anticuerpos contra HSV- 1. Univ Odontol. 1997 Jul-Dic; 16(34): 13-9.
29. Malvy D, Ezzedine K, Lançon F, Halioua B, Rezvani A, Bertrais S, Chanzy B, Malkin JE, Morand P, De Labareyre C, Hercberq S, El Hasnaoui A. Epidemiology of orofacial herpes simplex virus infections in the general population in France: results of the HERPIMAX study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Nov; 21(10): 1398-403.
30. Bouquot JE, Gundlach KK. Odd lips: the prevalence of common lip lesions in 23.616 white Americans over 35 year of age. Quintessence Int. 1987 Apr; 18(4): 277-84.
31. Parlak AH, Koybasi S, Yavuz T, Yesildal N, Anul H, Aydogan I, Cetinkaya R, Kavak A. Prevalence of oral lesions in 13- to 16-year-old students in Duzce, Turkey. Oral Dis. 2006 Nov; 12(6): 553-8.
32. Embil JA, Stephens RG, Manuel FR. Prevalence of recurrent herpes labialis and aphthous ulcers among young adults on six continents. Can Med Assoc J. 1975 Oct; 113(7): 627-30.
33. Shulman JD. Recurrent herpes labialis in US children and youth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004 Dic; 32(6): 402-9.
34. Kovac–Kovacic M, Skaleric U. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a population in Ljubljana, Slovenia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000 Aug; 29(7): 331-35.
35. Lorette G, Crochard A, Mimaud V, Wolkenstein P, Stalder JF, Hasnaoui A. A survey on the prevalence of orofacial herpes in France: the INSTANT Study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Aug; 55(2): 225-32.
36. Zajacova A1, Dowd JB, Aiello AE. Socioeconomic and race/ethnic patterns in persistent infection burden among U.S. adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009 Feb; 64(2): 272-9.
37. República de Colombia. Situación de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual diferentes al VIH 2009-2011: registros individuales de procedimientos en Salud (RIPS) 2011. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social; 2011.
38. Kriesel JD, Ricigliano J, Spruance SL, Garza HH Jr, Hill JM. Neuronal reactivation of herpes simplex virus may involve interleukin-6. J Neurovirol. 1997 Dec; 3(6): 441-8.
39. Huang W, Xie P, Xu M, Li P, Zao G. The influence of stress factors on the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in infected mice. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2011 Sep; 61(1): 115-22.
40. Chentoufi AA, Dervillez X, Dasgupta G, Nguyen C, Kabbara KW, Jiang X, Nesburn AB, Wechsler SL, Benmohamed L. The herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript inhibits phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells. Viral Immunol. 2012 Jun; 25(3): 204-15.
41. Bernal LJ, Ávila LV, Marín LM, Casas JA, Bohórquez S del P, Barrientos S, Castellanos JE. Detección de la presencia de antígeno y ADN de virus herpes simplex tipo 1 en ganglios trigeminales humanos. Univ Odontol. 2012 ene-jun; 31(66): 117-24.