Utilización conjunta del análisis de regresión y de la medida funcional para poner a prueba modelos de combinación de predictores de las actitudes negativas hacia las mujeres
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Ash Bugay
Rakel Delevi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3145-2654
Etienne Mullet
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1707-3914
Resumen
El estudio demuestra que utilizando dos técnicas que no son frecuentemente empleadas juntas – análisis de regresión y medida funcional – resulta posible poner a prueba de forma rigurosa modelos hipotéticos de combinación de factores a partir de datos procedentes de cuestionarios habituales con varios ítems. Los datos utilizados para ilustrar esa posibilidad fueron tomadas de un encuesta realizada en Turquía (N = 3,235) sobre la actitud de los estudiantes hacia las mujeres. Dado que el cuestionario utilizado inclúyala 12 tipos de predictores de esas actitudes (ej., edad, lugar de residencia, nivel de colectivismo-individualismo), un análisis de regresión paso a paso fue aplicado de manera a seleccionar un conjunto reducido de predictores independientes. Tres de los 12 explicaban la mayor parte de la varianza: sexo (el factor Biológico), nivel de conservatismo político en la zona de residencia (el factor Lugar), y la puntuación personal en la escala de individualismo vertical (el factor Cultura). Luego, las escalas continuas de colectivismo y de conservatismo fueron categorizadas en tres niveles. Tres cuadros factoriales fueron creados – uno por cada nivel de conservatismo – con la actitud negativa hacia las mujeres en el eje vertical, el nivel de colectivismo vertical en el eje horizontal y el sexo en las curvas. La divergencia sistemática hacia la derecha de las curvas, observa en cada de los tres cuadros, soporta un modelo de combinación de los predictores de tipo multiplicativo tratándose del factor sexo y del factor cultura. Como consecuencia, el modelo de combinación de los tres factores retenido fue: Actitud negativa hacia las mujeres = (Sexo x Cultura) + Lugar.
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Keywords
análisis de regresión, medida funcional, actitudes hacia las mujeres, género, lugar, cultura, Turquía
References
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Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(3), 240-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/106939719502900302
Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R., & Stapp, J. (1973). A short version of the Attitudes toward Women Scale (AWS). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2(4), 219-220. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03329252
Twenge, J. M. (1997). Attıtudes toward women, 1970-1 995: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00099.x
Wasti, S. A., & Erdil, S. E. (2007). Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Değerlerinin Ölçülmesi: Benlik Kurgusu ve INDCOL Ölçeklerinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi [The Turkish version of the Individualism-Collectivism scale]. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7, 39-66.
Whatley, M. A. (2008). The dimensionality of the 15 Item Attitudes Toward Women Scale. Race, Gender & Class, 15(1-2), 265-273. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41675371
Zhang, J., Mandl, H., & Wang, E. (2011). The effect of vertical–horizontal individualism–collectivism on acculturation and the moderating role of gender. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(1), 124-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.09.004
Anderson, N. H. (2008). Unified social cognition. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Anderson, N. H. (2016). Information integration theory: Unified psychology based on three mathematıcal laws. Universitas Psychologica, 15(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1 1144/Javeriana.upsy15-3.iitu
Bhanot, S., & Senn, C. Y. (2007). Attitudes towards violence against women in men of South Asian ancestry: Are acculturation and gender role attitudes important factors? Journal of Family Violence, 22, 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-006-9060-0
Bem, S. L. (1981). Bem sex-role inventory: Professional manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Bugay, A., Delevi, R., & Mullet, E. (2019). Attitude to women in Turkey. Current Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00273-2
Delevi, R., & Bugay, A. (2013). Assessing reliability and validity of the 15-item short version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) among Turkish students. Journal of International Women's Studies, 14(1), 263-272. Retrieved from https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol14/iss1/16
Farley, J., & Fantino, E. (1978). The symmetrical law of effect and the matching relation in choice behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 29(1), 37-60. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1978.29-37
Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., Watts, C., on behalf of the WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women Study Team (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO Multi-Country Study on women’s health and domestic violence. The Lancet, 368(9543), 1260-1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69523-8
Ikhlas A. A. (1996). Attitudes towards women in the Arabian Gulf region. Women in Management Review, 11(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649429610109271
Kashima, Y., Yamaguchi, S., Kim, U., Choi, S.-C., Gelfand, M. J., & Yuki, M. (1995). Culture, gender, and self: A perspective from individualism-collectivism research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 925-937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.925
Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lim, H. (2010). Rape myth acceptance among Korean college students: The roles of gender, attitudes toward women, and sexual double standard. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(7), 1200-1223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509340536
Léoni, V., Mullet, E., & Chasseigne, G. (2002). Aging and intuitive physics. Acta Psychologica, 111(1), 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(01)00077-4
Mairesse, O., Hofmans, J., Neu, D., de Oliveira, A., Cluydts, R., &Theuns, P. (2010). The algebra of sleepiness: investigating the interaction of homeostatic (S) and circadian (C) processes in sleepiness using linear metrics. Psicólogica, 31, 541-559. Retrieved from https://www.uv.es/psicologica/articulos3FM.10/8Mairesse.pdf
McKee, A. (2007). Positive and negative effects of pornography as attributed by consumers. Australian Journal of Communication, 34(1), 87-104. Retrieved from https://eprints.qut.edu.au/14575/
Mullet, E., & Chasseigne, G. (2018). Assessing information integration processes: A comparison of findings obtained with between-subjects designs versus within-subjects designs. Quality & Quantity, 54(4), 1977-1988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0592-6
Mullet, E., López López, W., Kpanake, L., Mukashema, I., Armange, R., Kamble, S., … Neto, F. (2016). Functional measurement in the field of ethics in politics. Universitas Psychologica, 15(3), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-3.fmf Ozkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2005). Masculinity, femininity, and the
Bem Sex Role Inventory in Turkey. Sex Roles, 52(1-2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-1197-4
Patel, C. J., & Johns, L. (2009). Gender role attitudes and attitudes to abortion: Are there gender differences? The Social Science Journal, 46(3), 493-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2009.02.006
Pereira, T., Oliveira, A., & Fonseca, I. B. (2016). Brain activation follows adding-type integration laws: Brain and rating responses in an integration task with pairs of emotional faces. Universitas Psychologica, 15(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-3.bafa
Roberts, B. W., & Helson, R. (1997). Changes in culture, changes in personality: The influence of individualism in a longitudinal study of women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 641-651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.641
Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(3), 240-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/106939719502900302
Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R., & Stapp, J. (1973). A short version of the Attitudes toward Women Scale (AWS). Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2(4), 219-220. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03329252
Twenge, J. M. (1997). Attıtudes toward women, 1970-1 995: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00099.x
Wasti, S. A., & Erdil, S. E. (2007). Bireycilik ve Toplulukçuluk Değerlerinin Ölçülmesi: Benlik Kurgusu ve INDCOL Ölçeklerinin Türkçe Geçerlemesi [The Turkish version of the Individualism-Collectivism scale]. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7, 39-66.
Whatley, M. A. (2008). The dimensionality of the 15 Item Attitudes Toward Women Scale. Race, Gender & Class, 15(1-2), 265-273. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41675371
Zhang, J., Mandl, H., & Wang, E. (2011). The effect of vertical–horizontal individualism–collectivism on acculturation and the moderating role of gender. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(1), 124-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.09.004
Cómo citar
Bugay, A., Delevi, R., & Mullet, E. (2019). Utilización conjunta del análisis de regresión y de la medida funcional para poner a prueba modelos de combinación de predictores de las actitudes negativas hacia las mujeres. Universitas Psychologica, 18(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy18-3.cura
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