Riesgo de transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 y descontaminación oral: escasa evidencia aunque prometedor futuro
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dic 29, 2020
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Resumen
Antecedentes: En la práctica dental contemporánea las recomendaciones o pautas de descontaminación oral se dispararon durante la pandemia de COVID-19, debido a la presencia relativamente alta de SARS-CoV-2 en la saliva y la posibilidad de riesgo de contagio a través de su aerosolización. Sin embargo, dichas pautas se basan principalmente en investigaciones realizadas para otras enfermedades causadas por diferentes virus o bacterias, publicaciones con evidencia de bajo nivel o información anecdótica. Objetivo: Revisar la base biológica del uso de antisépticos orales para disminuir la carga viral en la saliva como un mecanismo plausible para reducir el riesgo de transmisión de SARS-CoV-2, incluyendo otros aspectos como la patogénesis, la expresión de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 en la cavidad oral, la aerosolización y los antisépticos orales con propiedades virucidas potenciales. Resultados: Nuestro grupo solo pudo identificar un número limitado de informes que evalúan los efectos directos específicos de los antisépticos orales de uso común (peróxido de hidrógeno, povidona yodada y clorhexidina) sobre SARS-CoV-2; sin embargo, estos informes se limitan a la desinfección de superficies, la actividad in vitro u observaciones preliminares in vivo. Conclusión: Aunque llegamos a la conclusión de que no existe evidencia directa de la efectividad clínica del uso de enjuagues bucales antes de procedimientos dentales con soluciones antisépticas para SARS-CoV-2 específicamente hasta la fecha, aquí presentamos recomendaciones que podrían ayudar a reducir el riesgo de transmisión en el consultorio odontológico.
Keywords
cetylpyridinium, chlorhexidine, dentistry, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, mouth, oral decontamination, oral microbiology, povidone-iodine, prevention, SARS-CoV-2acido hipocloroso, cavidad oral, cetilpiridinio, clorhexidina, descontaminación oral, microbiología oral, odontología, peróxido de hidrógeno, prevención, SARS-CoV-2, yodopovidonaácido hipocloroso, boca, descontaminação oral, cetilpiridínio, clorexidina, microbiologia oral, odontologia, peróxido de hidrogênio, povidona-iodo, prevenção, SARS-CoV-2
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Cómo citar
Suárez Londoño, L. J., Martínez Pabón , M. C., Arce Muñoz, R. M., & Rodríguez Ciódaro, A. (2020). Riesgo de transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 y descontaminación oral: escasa evidencia aunque prometedor futuro. Universitas Odontologica, 39. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.uo39.scvt
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