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Abstract
Background: The presence of two or more craniofacial abnormalities may be associated with developmental syndromes and/or genetic defects. Identifying minor and major anomalies helps early detection, referrals to a specialist, and diagnosis of malformations of congenital origin. Purpose: To design, test, and validate an instrument to detect minor and major clinical craniofacial anomalies that may be associated with congenital conditions. Methods: A descriptive pilot study was carried out with a sample of 34 5-to-17-year-old schoolchildren (21 girls and 13 boys). Photographs and craniofacial anthropometric measurements were taken and variables were analyzed descriptively. Results: Findings showed one schoolchild with major abnormality (cleft lip and palate) macrocephaly (35%), microcephaly (17%), mesoprosopic (8.82%), euryprosopic (5.88%), leptoprosopic (85.29%), hair distribution abnormalities (67%), facial asymmetries (76%), narrow forehead (44%), metopic depression (one child), eye abnormalities such as epicanthal folds (26%), nose abnormalities (11%), ear abnormalities (64%), preauricular appendix (one child), mo and data analysisfrequency anduth abnormalities (35%), and tooth anomalies (58%). Conclusion: The instrument of this study was designed for massive application in communities and should be complemented with genotype analysis in cases with two or more minor abnormalities or other relevant findings.
KEYWORDS
craniofacial anomalies; anthropometric; measurements; systemic; conditions; congenital
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