Aspectos generales del síndrome de dolor crónico posquirúrgico. Revisión sistemática-cualitativa
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Introducción: El dolor crónico posquirúrgico (DCP) es motivo frecuente de consulta, tiene alta prevalencia y es incapacitante. Dura entre dos y tres meses, y su causa se limita a una cirugía previa sin importar su indicación o técnica.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline, Embase y LILACS sin límites de idioma ni diseño, en procura de evidencias entre enero de 1990 y febrero de 2011. Se incluyeron artículos que trataran algún aspecto del DCP. La calidad de la información se evaluó con herramientas del Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP-UK).
Resultados: El DCP se asocia a la intensidad del dolor agudo postoperatorio y factores psicosociales del paciente. Algunas cirugías se asocian más. Analgesia preoperatoria, medicación del dolor agudo y la anestesia epidural son pilares para prevenir y disminuir la incidencia.
Conclusiones: Son necesarios más estudios primarios sobre prevención y tratamiento del DCP, pues son escasos los reportes con calidad adecuada.
dolor postoperatorio, enfermedad crónica, complicaciones postoperatorias, dolor, Postoperative pain, chronic disease, postoperative complications, pain,
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