Summary
Older adults currently have obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases, which are risk factors for developing fragility and decreasing their functionality. Determine the most effective planning of exercise and nutrition to improve functionality in older adults with obesity. This systematic review complies with the PRISMA statement. The "PICOS" strategy was used for the research question and delimited the study's scope: Population: aged, obesity; Intervention: exercise, diet; Comparison: control groups; Result: frail elderly; Design: a randomized controlled trial. A search was carried out until September 2020, tracking summaries and articles in the databases: PUBMED, SCIELO, BVSALUD, MEDLINE / PMC, SCIENCE DIRECT SPORT DISCUS / EBSCO HOST. One thousand seven hundred items were identified, applying the selection criteria. Of these, 19 studies were analyzed, 1.310 participants, 33.0 ± 3.8 Kg/m2. The exercise lasted between 8 - 52 weeks. 57% of studies use multi-component exercise to intervene with older adults. 37% of studies use caloric restriction as to nutritional intervention. Our work concludes that multi-component exercise and caloric restriction are beneficial for improving older adults' functionality with obesity. The data provided are useful for planning physical activity in older primary care adults.
Keywords: aging, physical activity, overweight, nutrition.