Palavras-chave
factores de riesgo
factores precipitantes
factores predisponentes
Como Citar
Resumo
Introducción: La presencia de factores precipitantes de delírium, sumados a los factores predisponentes, incrementa significativamente el riesgo de desarrollarlo durante una hospitalización.
Objetivos: Conocer los factores predisponentes y precipitantes de delírium en un hospital de cuarto nivel de Bogotá.
Metodología: Un estudio prospectivo de casos y controles en que se incluyeron pacientes mayores de sesenta años de edad, durante dos años (junio de 2005-junio de 2007), para identificar los factores de riesgo predisponentes y precipitantes de delírium más frecuentes. Se incluyeron 56 pacientes, de los cuales 28 desarrollaron delírium durante la hospitalización y en ellos se analizaron los factores de riesgo predisponentes y precipitantes. Se incluyeron 28 pacientes como controles que no tenían criterios de delírum y se compararon con los casos.
Resultados: Dentro de los factores predisponentes más frecuentes está el uso de lentes, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica de base, la insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva, el cáncer de base y los medicamentos; pero no se determinó que estos incrementaran de manera significativa el riesgo de delírium; mientras que dentro de los factores precipitantes fue significativa la presencia de infecciones, en particular las de vías urinarias, y neumonías, para incrementar el riesgo con un OR de 3,66 y una p = 0,028.
Conclusiones: Las infecciones deben ser tenidas en cuenta como factor que incrementa el riesgo de delírium.
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