Resumo
Background: In Colombia, thyroid cancer is the 7th cancer in incidence and mortality for both sexes. Currently the fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the most used method for studying nodular lesions of the thyroid.
Objective: Describe the characteristics of a sample of surgical specimens in a histopathological diagnostic centre located in an intermediate city, correlate characteristics of PTC variants and calculate diagnostic accuracy for FNA
Materials and methods: In this retrospective study pathology report data was gathered from a diagnosis centre, information was included from patients who underwent thyroid biopsy or resection between years 2015 to 2022, with a total of 495 cases, information was gathered, and a statistical analysis was performed.
Results: a higher frequency for all thyroid pathologies in patients younger than 55 years of age. In men papillary carcinoma (PTC) was the most frequent diagnosis (42.7%) while in women it was hyperplasia (39.1%). From all diagnoses of PTC (n=233)77.6% had an additional diagnosis. Cases with previous FNA, 65.3% of which had a Bethesda score of II to IV and 30.5% of those had a definitive diagnosis of carcinoma.
Conclusions: There is coexistence of benign thyroid diseases and PTC. FNA is essential for the initial histopathological study of thyroid lesions, however it has multiple factors that may affect its diagnostic accuracy.
Kaliszewski K, Zubkiewicz-Kucharska A, Kiełb P, Maksymowicz J, Krawczyk A, Krawiec O. Comparison of the prevalence of incidental and non-incidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma during 2008-2016: A single-center experience. Vol. 16, World Journal of Surgical Oncology. BioMed Central Ltd.; 2018.
Liang L, Zheng XC, Hu MJ, Zhang Q, Wang SY, Huang F. Association of benign thyroid diseases with thyroid cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2019 Jun 1;42(6):673–85.
GLOBOCAN. Cancer Today [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 May 28]. Available from: gco.iarc.fr/today/
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2022 Jan;72(1):7–33.
Kure S, Ishino K, Kudo M, Wada R, Saito M, Nagaoka R, et al. Incidence of BRAF V600E mutation in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a single-institution experience. Journal of International Medical Research. 2019 Nov 1;47(11):5560–72.
Moon S, Song YS, Kim YA, Lim JA, Cho SW, Moon JH, et al. Effects of Coexistent BRAFV600E and TERT Promoter Mutations on Poor Clinical Outcomes in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2017 May 1;27(5):651–60.
Estrada-Flórez AP, Bohórquez ME, Vélez A, Duque CS, Donado JH, Mateus G, et al. BRAF and TERT mutations in papillary thyroid cancer patients of Latino ancestry. Endocrine Connections. 2019 Sep 1;8(9):1310–7.
Samà MT, Grosso E, Mele C, Laurora S, Monzeglio O, Marzullo P, et al. Molecular characterisation and clinical correlation of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Endocrine. 2021 Jan 1;71(1):149–57.
Jackson D, Handelsman RS, Farrá JC, Lew JI. Increased Incidental Thyroid Cancer in Patients With Subclinical Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis. Journal of Surgical Research. 2020 Jan 1;245:115–8.
Sakiz D, Sencar ME, Calapkulu M, Ozturk Unsal I, Aktas L, Ucan B, et al. The Effects of Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis on Clinicopathologic Factors in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Endocrine Practice. 2021 Dec 1;27(12):1199–204.
Mohamad Pakarul Razy NH, Rahman WFWA, Win TT. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in thyroid nodular hyperplasia and papillary thyroid carcinoma: A tertiary health care centre based study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2019 Jan 1;20(1):277–82.
Tam AA, Ozdemir D, Alkan A, Yazicioglu O, Yildirim N, Kilicyazgan A, et al. Toxic nodular goiter and thyroid cancer: Is hyperthyroidism protective against thyroid cancer? Surgery (United States). 2019 Sep 1;166(3):356–61.
Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, Perkins JA. Robbins basic pathology. 10th ed. Elsevier; 2018.
Maniakas A, Davies L, Zafereo ME. Thyroid Disease Around the World. Vol. 51, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders; 2018. p. 631–42.
Todsen T, Finn |, Bennedbaek N, Kiss K, Laszlo Hegedüs |. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules. Head & Neck [Internet]. 2021;43:1009–13. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Rossi ED, Adeniran AJ, Faquin WC. Pitfalls in Thyroid Cytopathology. Vol. 12, Surgical Pathology Clinics. W.B. Saunders; 2019. p. 865–81.
Leclair K, Bell KJL, Furuya-Kanamori L, Doi SA, Francis DO, Davies L. Evaluation of Gender Inequity in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis: Differences by Sex in US Thyroid Cancer Incidence Compared with a Meta-analysis of Subclinical Thyroid Cancer Rates at Autopsy. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2021 Oct 1;181(10):1351–8.
Mete O, Asa SL, Bullock MJ, Carty SE, Hodak S, Mchugh JB, et al. Protocol for the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Carcinomas of the Thyroid Gland With guidance from the CAP Cancer and CAP Pathology Electronic Reporting Committees [Internet]. 2021. Available from: www.cap.org/cancerprotocols
Bychkov A. Pathology Outlines, Thyroid & parathyroid [Internet]. Pathology Outlines. 2017 [cited 2022 May 28]. Available from: https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/thyroidstaging.html
Daniels GH. Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: A Perspective. Vol. 28, Thyroid. Mary Ann Liebert Inc.; 2018. p. 1229–42.
Luo J, McManus C, Chen H, Sippel RS. Are there predictors of malignancy in patients with multinodular goiter? Journal of Surgical Research. 2012 May 15;174(2):207–10.
Verma RK, Sarahan D, Kumar GR. Follicular Variant of Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid with Massive Angioinvasion of the Internal Jugular Vein: Our Approach. International Journal of Thyroidology. 2020 Nov 30;13(2):165–9.
Ruiz Gómez F, Alexander L, Osorio M, Bernal GB, General S, Patricia C, et al. ANÁLISIS DE IMPACTO NORMATIVO - SAL PARA CONSUMO HUMANO.
Ministerio de salud y proteccion social de Colombia. Reglamento tecnico de la sal. 2021.
Balkwill F, Mantovani A. Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow? Lancet. 2001;
Thomas CM, Asa SL, Ezzat S, Sawka AM, Goldstein D. Diagnosis and pathologic characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma-review of current guidelines. Vol. 26, Current Oncology. Multimed Inc.; 2019. p. 338–44.
Golovko A, Kuryk O, Tkachenko R, Mendel N. Thyroid metastasis of vaginal leiomyosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature. Vol. 42, Experimental Oncology. Morion LLC; 2020. p. 242–4.
Ayadi M, Gabsi A, Meddeb K, Mokrani A, Yahiaoui Y, Letaief F, et al. Primary leiomyosarcoma of thyroid gland: The youngest case. Pan African Medical Journal. 2017 Mar 1;26.
Zimmermann MB, Galetti V. Iodine intake as a risk factor for thyroid cancer: A comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Thyroid Research. 2015 Jun 18;8(1).
Cha YJ, Pyo JY, Hong SW, Seok JY, Kim KJ, Han JY, et al. Thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology practice in Korea. Vol. 51, Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine. Seoul National University; 2017. p. 521–7.
Vølund Larsen L, Egset AV, Holm C, Bach J. Thyroid fine-needle aspiration and The Bethesda Classification System [Internet]. 2018. Available from: www.danmedj.dk
Mosca L, Ferraz da Silva LF, Carneiro PC, Chacon DA, Furtado de Araujo-Neto VJ, Furtado de Araujo-Filho VJ, et al. Malignancy rates for bethesda III subcategories in thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Clinics. 2018;73.
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Daniel Javier Velez Bohorquez, Nohora Bibiana Varon Arce, Sandra Milena Tellez Olaya, Sebastian Camilo Mora Garcia, Anggi Margarita Velez Bohorquez, Mabel Elena Bohorquez Lozano