Publicado ene 24, 2012



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Albert Alejandro Ávila Álvarez

Atilio Moreno Carrillo

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Resumen

Introducción: La exposición a sustancias tóxicas es frecuente en pediatría. En Colombia, entre 2006 y 2008 se presentaron 40061 casos de intoxicaciones, de las cuales 19 723 correspondieron a menores de 14 años de edad. En 2009 se presentaron 187 muertes, lo que corresponde a una tasa de mortalidad de 0,6 casos por cada 100 000 habitantes y una tasa de letalidad de 9,48 por cada 100 000 casos de pacientes intoxicados.

Objetivo: Evaluar en la literatura el papel de las medidas generales como tratamiento en el paciente pediátrico intoxicado y determinar cuáles han demostrado ser seguras y eficaces.

Método: Selección de artículos (búsqueda en inglés y español en Medline, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, Science Direct y SciELO) y extracción de datos, según la aplicación de las medidas generales en el manejo de los pacientes intoxicados en el servicio de urgencias. 

Conclusiones: Es importante conocer el mecanismo de acción de las técnicas para disminuir la absorción o aumentar la eliminación de sustancias tóxicas y las indicaciones y contraindicaciones para su aplicación, y brindar un adecuado y efectivo tratamiento en los servicios de urgencias.

Keywords

acute poisoning, emergencies, toxicology, pediatrics, overdose, toxicología, envenenamiento, sobredosis, urgencias, pediatría,

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Cómo citar
Ávila Álvarez, A. A., & Moreno Carrillo, A. (2012). Medidas generales en el servicio de urgencias para el paciente pediátrico intoxicado. Universitas Medica, 53(2), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed53-2.mgsu
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