Perspectivas de una vacuna contra la caries dental
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Resumen
El descubrimiento de que la caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa, ocasionada por bacterias específicas, ha despertado el interés de los investigadores para buscar estrategias de prevención, como la inmunización activa, que permita una protección a largo plazo de la población y disminuya los costos ocasionados por esta patología. Sumado a esto, los avances en técnicas de biología molecular y en la comprensión de los mecanismos inmunológicos de los sitios mucosales, han permitido a la comunidad científica acercarse a la obtención de un antígeno vacunal que induzca una respuesta inmune protectora en la cavidad oral, que aplicada en el momento oportuno, pueda inhibir la colonización del diente por Streptococcus mutans y bloquear el desarrollo de la enfermedad. En este artículo se resumen los resultados de los trabajos en los principales frentes de investigación en la búsqueda de una vacuna anticaries como son el antígeno vacunal, el momento óptimo, la ruta y la estrategia de inoculación.
Keywords
Streptococcus mutans, vacuna, caries dentalStreptococcus mutans, vaccine, dental caries
References
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2. Rodríguez A, González OA. Fisiopatología de la caries dental. Univ Odontol 2000 May; 20(supl. 1): 21-7
3. Rodríguez A. Respuesta inmune frente a microorganismos cariogénicos. Univ Odontol 2000 May; 20(supl. 1): 56-63
4. Hajishengallis G, Michalek SM. Current status of a mucosal vaccine against dental caries. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999 Feb; 14(1): 1-20
5. García MB, Gutiérrez SM, González OA, Jaramillo LM, Rodríguez A. Respuesta inmune mediada por IgA e IgG contra Streptococcus mutans de niños en etapa predental. Univ Odontol 2002 May; 22(47): 78-84
6. Fukuizumi T, Inoue H, Tsujisawa T, Uchiyama C. Tonsillar application of killed Streptococcus mutans induces specific antibodies in rabbit saliva and blood plasma without inducing a crossreacting antibody to human cardiac muscle. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 4558-63
7. Fukuizumi T, Inoue H, Tsujisawa T, Uchiyama C. Tonsillar application of formalin-killed cells of Streptococcus sobrinus reduces experimental dental caries in rabbits. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 426-28
8. Todryk SM, Kelly CG, Munro GH, Lehner T. Induction of immune responses to functional determinants of a cell surface streptococcal antigen. Immunol 1996; 87: 55-63
9. Saito M, Otake S, Ohmmura M, Hirasawa M, Takada K et al. Protective immunity to Streptococcus mutans induced by nasal vaccination with surface protein antigen and mutant cholera toxin adjuvant. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 823-26
10. Takahashi I, Okahashi N, Matsushita K, Tokuda M, Kanamoto T et al. Immunogenicity and protective effect against oral colonization by Streptococcus mutans of synthetic peptides of a streptococcal surface protein antigen. J Immunol 1991; 146: 332-36
11. Kelly CG, Todryk S, Kendal HL, Munro GH, Lehner T. T-cell, adhesion, and B-cell epitopes of the cell surface Streptococcus mutans protein antigen I/II. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 3649-54
12. Senpuku H, Miyauchi T, Hanada N, Nisizawa T. An antigenic peptide inducing cross-reactingantibodies inhibiting the interaction of Streptococcus mutans PAc with human salivary components. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 4695-703
13. Senpuku H, Iizima T, Yamaguchi Y, Nagata S, Ueno Y et al. Immunogenicity of peptides coupled with multiple T-cell epitopes of a surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans. Immunol 1996; 88: 275-83
14. Kato H, Takeuchi H, Oishi Y, Senpuku H, Shimura N et al. The immunogenicity of various peptide antigens inducing cross-reacting antibodies to a cell surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999; 14: 213-19
15. Munro C, Michalek SM, Macrina FL. Cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans V403 glucosyltransferases and fructosyltransferase mutants constructed by allelic exchange. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 2316-23
16. Mooser G, Wong C. Isolation of a glucan-binding domain of glucosyltransferase (1,6-alpha-glucan synthase) from Streptococcus sobrinus. Infect Immun 1988 Apr;56(4): 880-84
17. Mooser G, Hefta SA, Paxton RJ, Shively JE, Lee TD. Isolation and sequence of an active-site peptide containing a catalytic aspartic acid from two Streptococcus sobrinus alphaglucosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 8916-22
18. Taubman A, Smith D. Effects of local immunization with glucosyltransferase fractions from Streptococcus mutans on dental caries in rats and hamsters. J Immunol 1977; 118: 107-11
19. Chia JS, Lin RH, Lin SW, Chen JY, Yang CS. Inhibition of glucosyltransferase activities of Streptococcus mutans by a monoclonal antibody to a subsequence peptide. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 4689-95
20. Dertzbaugh MT, Macrina FL. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase activity by antiserum to a subsequence peptide. Infect Immun 1990; 58: 1509-13
21. Jespersgaard C, Hajishengallis G, Greenway TE, Smith DJ, Russell MW, Michalek MS. Functional and immunogenic characterization of two cloned regions of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase-I. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 810-16
22. Jespersgaard C, Hajishengallis G, Huang Y, Russell MW, Smith DJ, Michalek SM. Protective immunity against Streptococcus mutans infection in mice after intranasal immunization with the glucan-binding region of S. mutans glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1999; 67:6543-49
23. Smith DJ, Taubman MA, Holmberg CF, Eastcott J, King WF, Ali-Salaam P. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide derived from a glucan-binding domain of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 2899-05
24. Smith DJ, Taubman MA, King WF, Eida S, Powell JR, Eastcott J. Immunological characteristics of a synthetic peptide associated with a catalytic domain of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 5470-76
25. Taubman MA, Holmberg CJ, Smith DJ. Immunization of rats with synthetic peptide constructs from the glucan-binding or catalytic region of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase protects against dental caries. Infect Immun 1995; 69: 101-9
26. Taubman MA, Smith DJ, Holmberg CJ, Eastcott JW. Coimmunization with complementary glucosyltransferase peptides results in enhanced immunogenicity and protection against dental caries. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 2698-03
27. Laloi P, Munro CL, Jones KR, Macrina FL. Immunologic characteristics of a Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase B sucrose-binding site peptide-cholera toxin B-subunit chimeric protein. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 28-36
28. Fontana M, Dunipace AJ, Stookey GK, Gregory RL. Intranasal immunization against dental caries with a Streptococcus mutans-enriched fimbrial preparation. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999; 6: 405-9
29. Smith DJ, King WF, Godiska R. Passive transfer of immunoglobulin Y antibody to Streptococcus mutans glucan binding protein B can confer protection against experimental dental caries. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 3135-42
30. Zhang P, Fan M, Bian Z, Du M, Wang Y, Chen H. Effects of monoclonal antibody on colonization of Streptococcus sobrinus and development of dental caries in rats. Chin J Dent Res 1999; 2:12-5
31. Oho T, Shimazaki Y, Mitoma M, Yoshimura M, Yamashita Y et al. Bovine milk antibodies against cell surface protein antigen PAcglucosyltransferase fusion protein suppress cell adhesion and alter glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans. J Nutr 1999; 129; 1834-41
32. Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J, Korhonen H. Combined inhibitory effect of bovine immune whey and preoxidase-generated hypothiocyanite against glucose uptake by Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999; 13: 378-81
33. Loimaranta V, Carlen A, Olsson J, Tenovuo J, Syvaoja EL, Korhonen H. Concentrated bovine calostral whey proteins from Streptococcus mutans/Strep sobrinus immunized cows inhibit the adherence of Strep mutans and promote the aggregation of mutans streptococci. J Dairy Res 1998; 65: 599-607
34. Ma JK, Hikmat BY, Wycoff K, Vine ND, Chargelegue D et al. Characterization of a recombinant plant monoclonal secretory antibody and preventive immunotherapy in humans. Nat Med 1998; 4: 550-51
35. Ma JK. The caries vaccine: a growing prospect. Dent Update 1999; 26: 374-80
36. Childers NK, Zhang SS, Michalek SM. Oral immunization of humans with dehydrated liposomes containing Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase induces salivary immunoglobulin A2 antibody responses. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1994; 9: 146-53
37. Childers NK, Tong G, Michalek SM. Nasal immunization of humans with dehydrated liposomes containing Streptococcus mutans antigen. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1997; 12: 329-35
38. Childers NK, Tong G, Mitchell S, Kirk K, Russell MW, Michalek SM. A controlled clinical study of the effect of nasal immunization with a Streptococcus mutans antigen alone or incorporated into liposomes on induction of immune responses. Infect Immun 1999; 67:618-23
39. Smith DJ, Taubman MA. Oral immunization of humans with Streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1987; 55: 2562-9
40. Childers NK, Tong G, Li F, Dasanayake AP, Kirk K, Michalek SM. Human immunized with Streptococcus mutans antigens by mucosal routes. J Dent Res 2002; 81: 48-52
2. Rodríguez A, González OA. Fisiopatología de la caries dental. Univ Odontol 2000 May; 20(supl. 1): 21-7
3. Rodríguez A. Respuesta inmune frente a microorganismos cariogénicos. Univ Odontol 2000 May; 20(supl. 1): 56-63
4. Hajishengallis G, Michalek SM. Current status of a mucosal vaccine against dental caries. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999 Feb; 14(1): 1-20
5. García MB, Gutiérrez SM, González OA, Jaramillo LM, Rodríguez A. Respuesta inmune mediada por IgA e IgG contra Streptococcus mutans de niños en etapa predental. Univ Odontol 2002 May; 22(47): 78-84
6. Fukuizumi T, Inoue H, Tsujisawa T, Uchiyama C. Tonsillar application of killed Streptococcus mutans induces specific antibodies in rabbit saliva and blood plasma without inducing a crossreacting antibody to human cardiac muscle. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 4558-63
7. Fukuizumi T, Inoue H, Tsujisawa T, Uchiyama C. Tonsillar application of formalin-killed cells of Streptococcus sobrinus reduces experimental dental caries in rabbits. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 426-28
8. Todryk SM, Kelly CG, Munro GH, Lehner T. Induction of immune responses to functional determinants of a cell surface streptococcal antigen. Immunol 1996; 87: 55-63
9. Saito M, Otake S, Ohmmura M, Hirasawa M, Takada K et al. Protective immunity to Streptococcus mutans induced by nasal vaccination with surface protein antigen and mutant cholera toxin adjuvant. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 823-26
10. Takahashi I, Okahashi N, Matsushita K, Tokuda M, Kanamoto T et al. Immunogenicity and protective effect against oral colonization by Streptococcus mutans of synthetic peptides of a streptococcal surface protein antigen. J Immunol 1991; 146: 332-36
11. Kelly CG, Todryk S, Kendal HL, Munro GH, Lehner T. T-cell, adhesion, and B-cell epitopes of the cell surface Streptococcus mutans protein antigen I/II. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 3649-54
12. Senpuku H, Miyauchi T, Hanada N, Nisizawa T. An antigenic peptide inducing cross-reactingantibodies inhibiting the interaction of Streptococcus mutans PAc with human salivary components. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 4695-703
13. Senpuku H, Iizima T, Yamaguchi Y, Nagata S, Ueno Y et al. Immunogenicity of peptides coupled with multiple T-cell epitopes of a surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans. Immunol 1996; 88: 275-83
14. Kato H, Takeuchi H, Oishi Y, Senpuku H, Shimura N et al. The immunogenicity of various peptide antigens inducing cross-reacting antibodies to a cell surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999; 14: 213-19
15. Munro C, Michalek SM, Macrina FL. Cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans V403 glucosyltransferases and fructosyltransferase mutants constructed by allelic exchange. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 2316-23
16. Mooser G, Wong C. Isolation of a glucan-binding domain of glucosyltransferase (1,6-alpha-glucan synthase) from Streptococcus sobrinus. Infect Immun 1988 Apr;56(4): 880-84
17. Mooser G, Hefta SA, Paxton RJ, Shively JE, Lee TD. Isolation and sequence of an active-site peptide containing a catalytic aspartic acid from two Streptococcus sobrinus alphaglucosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 8916-22
18. Taubman A, Smith D. Effects of local immunization with glucosyltransferase fractions from Streptococcus mutans on dental caries in rats and hamsters. J Immunol 1977; 118: 107-11
19. Chia JS, Lin RH, Lin SW, Chen JY, Yang CS. Inhibition of glucosyltransferase activities of Streptococcus mutans by a monoclonal antibody to a subsequence peptide. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 4689-95
20. Dertzbaugh MT, Macrina FL. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase activity by antiserum to a subsequence peptide. Infect Immun 1990; 58: 1509-13
21. Jespersgaard C, Hajishengallis G, Greenway TE, Smith DJ, Russell MW, Michalek MS. Functional and immunogenic characterization of two cloned regions of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase-I. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 810-16
22. Jespersgaard C, Hajishengallis G, Huang Y, Russell MW, Smith DJ, Michalek SM. Protective immunity against Streptococcus mutans infection in mice after intranasal immunization with the glucan-binding region of S. mutans glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1999; 67:6543-49
23. Smith DJ, Taubman MA, Holmberg CF, Eastcott J, King WF, Ali-Salaam P. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide derived from a glucan-binding domain of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 2899-05
24. Smith DJ, Taubman MA, King WF, Eida S, Powell JR, Eastcott J. Immunological characteristics of a synthetic peptide associated with a catalytic domain of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 5470-76
25. Taubman MA, Holmberg CJ, Smith DJ. Immunization of rats with synthetic peptide constructs from the glucan-binding or catalytic region of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase protects against dental caries. Infect Immun 1995; 69: 101-9
26. Taubman MA, Smith DJ, Holmberg CJ, Eastcott JW. Coimmunization with complementary glucosyltransferase peptides results in enhanced immunogenicity and protection against dental caries. Infect Immun 2000; 68: 2698-03
27. Laloi P, Munro CL, Jones KR, Macrina FL. Immunologic characteristics of a Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase B sucrose-binding site peptide-cholera toxin B-subunit chimeric protein. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 28-36
28. Fontana M, Dunipace AJ, Stookey GK, Gregory RL. Intranasal immunization against dental caries with a Streptococcus mutans-enriched fimbrial preparation. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999; 6: 405-9
29. Smith DJ, King WF, Godiska R. Passive transfer of immunoglobulin Y antibody to Streptococcus mutans glucan binding protein B can confer protection against experimental dental caries. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 3135-42
30. Zhang P, Fan M, Bian Z, Du M, Wang Y, Chen H. Effects of monoclonal antibody on colonization of Streptococcus sobrinus and development of dental caries in rats. Chin J Dent Res 1999; 2:12-5
31. Oho T, Shimazaki Y, Mitoma M, Yoshimura M, Yamashita Y et al. Bovine milk antibodies against cell surface protein antigen PAcglucosyltransferase fusion protein suppress cell adhesion and alter glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans. J Nutr 1999; 129; 1834-41
32. Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J, Korhonen H. Combined inhibitory effect of bovine immune whey and preoxidase-generated hypothiocyanite against glucose uptake by Streptococcus mutans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999; 13: 378-81
33. Loimaranta V, Carlen A, Olsson J, Tenovuo J, Syvaoja EL, Korhonen H. Concentrated bovine calostral whey proteins from Streptococcus mutans/Strep sobrinus immunized cows inhibit the adherence of Strep mutans and promote the aggregation of mutans streptococci. J Dairy Res 1998; 65: 599-607
34. Ma JK, Hikmat BY, Wycoff K, Vine ND, Chargelegue D et al. Characterization of a recombinant plant monoclonal secretory antibody and preventive immunotherapy in humans. Nat Med 1998; 4: 550-51
35. Ma JK. The caries vaccine: a growing prospect. Dent Update 1999; 26: 374-80
36. Childers NK, Zhang SS, Michalek SM. Oral immunization of humans with dehydrated liposomes containing Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase induces salivary immunoglobulin A2 antibody responses. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1994; 9: 146-53
37. Childers NK, Tong G, Michalek SM. Nasal immunization of humans with dehydrated liposomes containing Streptococcus mutans antigen. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1997; 12: 329-35
38. Childers NK, Tong G, Mitchell S, Kirk K, Russell MW, Michalek SM. A controlled clinical study of the effect of nasal immunization with a Streptococcus mutans antigen alone or incorporated into liposomes on induction of immune responses. Infect Immun 1999; 67:618-23
39. Smith DJ, Taubman MA. Oral immunization of humans with Streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase. Infect Immun 1987; 55: 2562-9
40. Childers NK, Tong G, Li F, Dasanayake AP, Kirk K, Michalek SM. Human immunized with Streptococcus mutans antigens by mucosal routes. J Dent Res 2002; 81: 48-52
Cómo citar
Rodríguez Ciódaro, A. (2021). Perspectivas de una vacuna contra la caries dental. Universitas Odontologica, 24(54-55), 137–143. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revUnivOdontologica/article/view/13597
Sección
Ciencias Básicas, Biotecnología y Bioinformática
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.