Desafíos y alternativas en la educación dental durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Revisión integrativa de la literatura
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dic 30, 2020
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Resumen
Antecedentes: La actual pandemia del COVID-19 se ha convertido en un gran desafío para la salud y una emergencia de salud pública, por lo que es importante reforzar las medidas preventivas para controlar su propagación. La transmisibilidad y rutas que caracterizan a este virus, lo hacen de muy alto riesgo durante los procedimientos odontológicos. Por esto, distintos organismos e instituciones de educación odontológica mundialmente se han visto forzados a implementar nuevas modalidades de enseñanza a los estudiantes de odontología para brindar una educación de alto nivel académico y segura en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Examinar y analizar distintas publicaciones existentes en relación con la educación odontológica, así como sus desafíos y alternativas entorno a la enfermedad del COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura sobre la educación en odontología en tiempos de pandemia. Resultados: En todos los continentes, los países coinciden en que se tienen que reforzar tres aspectos clave en términos de educación: nuevas herramientas educativas, telemedicina y bioseguridad. Conclusión: Es determinante y clave que los estudiantes y profesionales de la salud bucal adquieran conocimientos en materia de normatividad sanitaria, bioseguridad y aspectos generales de epidemiología, a través de nuevas formas de enseñanza con el fin de estar mejor preparados para brindar la mejor atención posible en la práctica odontológica durante y después de esta pandemia.
Keywords
biossegurança, COVID-19, educação odontológica, escolas de odontologia, estratégias de ensino, facultades de odontologia, normatividade, odontologia, pandemia, saúde pública, tecnologia educativa, telemedicinabioseguridad, COVID-19, educación odontológica, escuelas de odontología, estrategias de enseñanza, facultades de odontología, normatividad, odontología, pandemia, salud pública, tecnología educativa, telemedicinabiosecurity, COVID-19, dental education, dental schools, dentistry, educational technology, normativity, pandemic, public health, teaching strategies, telemedicine
References
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2. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Brote de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19): orientaciones para el público. Washington, DC: OMS; 2020. https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
3. Peng X, Xu X, Li, Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020 Mar 3; 12(1): 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9
4. Volgenant CMC, Persoon IF, de Ruijter RAG, de Soet JJH. Infection control in dental health care during and after the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Oral Dis. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13408
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6. Fontenele RC, Gomes AF, Freitas DQ. Oral radiology practice in dental schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: What will be the new normal? Imaging Sci Dent. 2020 Sep; 50(3): 265-267. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2020.50.3.265
7. Arher A, Patel B, Ruparel NB, Diogenes A, Hargreaves KM. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental care. J Endod. 2020; 46(5): 584‐595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.008
8. Odeh ND, Babkair H, Abu-Hammad S, Borzangy S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. COVID-19: Present and future challenges for dental practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 30; 17(9): 3151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093151
9. Izzetti R, Nisi M, Gabriele M, Graziani F. COVID-19 Transmission in dental practice: brief review of preventive measures in Italy. J Dent Res. 2020 Aug; 99(9): 1030-1038. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520920580
10. Desai B. Clinical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education. J Dent Educ. 2020; 84(5): 512. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12162
11. Norina F. COVID-19 challenges in dental health care and dental schools. Rom J Oral Rehab. 2020; 12(2) 6-12.
12. Farooq I, Ali S, Moheet IA, AlHumaid J. COVID-19 outbreak, disruption of dental education, and the role of teledentistry. Pak J Med Sci. 2020 Nov-Dec; 36(7): 1726-1731. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3125
13. Loch C, Kuan IBJ, Elsalem L, Schwass D, Brunton PA, Jum'ah A. COVID-19 and dental clinical practice: Students and clinical staff perceptions of health risks and educational impact. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12402
14. Hung M, Licari FW, Hon ES, et al. In an era of uncertainty: Impact of COVID-19 on dental education. J Dent Educ. 2020;1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12404
15. Alzahrani AAH. Practices and attitudes of dental practitioners toward patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. J Res Med Dent Sci., 2020; 8(3): 214-223.
16. Dos Santos M, Ribeiro N, Dos Santos V, Oliveira C. Doença por Coronavírus 2019: desafios emergentes e o ensino odontológico brasileiro. Rev Da Abeno. 2020; 20(2): 2-15.
17. Umeizudike KA, Isiekwe IG, Fadeju AD, Akinboboye BO, Aladenika ET. Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID‐19 and infection control practices. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-10.
18. Whittemore R, Chao A, Jang M, Minges KE, Park C. Methods for knowledge synthesis: an overview. Heart Lung. 2014; 43(5): 453-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.05.014.
19. Veesaci MB. CDC reminds clinicians to use standard precautions, recommends isolating patients with coronavirus symptoms. Chicago, IL: American Dental Association; 2020 Feb. 7.
20. Akinkugbe AA, Garcia DT, Smith CS, Brickhouse TH, Mosavel M. A descriptive pilot study of the immediate impacts of COVID-19 on dental and dental hygiene students’ readiness and wellness. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12456
21. Wang K, Zhang L, Ye L. A nationwide survey of online teaching strategies in dental education in China. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12413
22. Cassol J, Coelho C, Andreade J. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching of dentistry in Brazil. J Dent Educ. 2020; 84(11): 1185-1187. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12364
23. Chavarría D, Gómez A, Dittel C, Montero M. E-learning in dental schools in the times of COVID-19: A review and analysis of an educational resource in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Odovtos-Int J Dent Sci. 2020; 22(3): 69-86. https://doi.org/10.15517/ijds.
24. Damien NM, Chappell DJ, van der Hoeven R. Teaching emergency medicine in a dental school during the time of COVID-19. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12322
25. Sukumar S, Dracopoulos SA, Martin FE. Dental education in the time of SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12608
26. Quinn B, Field J, Gorter R, Akota I, Manzanares MC, Paganelli C, Davies J, Dixon J, Gabor G, Amaral Mendes R, Hahn P, Vital S, O'Brien J, Murphy D, Tubert-Jeannin S. COVID-19: The immediate response of European academic dental institutions and future implications for dental education. Eur J Dent Educ. 2020; 24(4): 811-814. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12542
27. Schlenz MA, Schmidt A, Wöstmann B, Krämer N, Schulz N. Students’ and lecturers’ perspective on the implementation of online learning in dental education due to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2020; 20(354): 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02266-3
28. Ferrazzano G, Ingenito A, Cantile T. COVID-19 disease in children: what dentists should know and do to prevent viral spread. the Italian point of view. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(10): 3642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103642
29. Barabari P, Moharamzadeh K. Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and dentistry-a comprehensive review of literature. Dent J (Basel). 2020 May 21; 8(2): 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj8020053
30. Ghai S. Are dental schools adequately preparing dental students to face outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19? J Dent Educ. 2020; (84): 631-633. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12174
31. Peres KG, Reher P, de Castro RD, Vieira AR. COVID-19-related challenges in dental education: experiences from Brazil, the USA, and Australia. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2020; 20(supl 1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.130
32. Xu R, Cui B, Duan X, Zhang P, Zhou X, Yuan Q. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV. Int Oral Sci. 2020; 12(1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0080-z
33. Bizzoca ME, Campisi G, Lo Muzio L. Covid-19 pandemic: what changes for dentists and oral medicine experts? A narrative review and novel approaches to infection containment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(11): 3793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113793
34. Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). Resumen de las “Prácticas para la prevención de enfermedades en entornos odontológicos: Expectativas básicas para la atención segura”. Atlanta, GA: Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos, CDC, Centro Nacional para la Prevención de Enfermedades Crónicas y Promoción de la Salud, División de Salud Oral; 2017 Mar.
35. Sigua-Rodríguez EA, Bernal-Pérez JL, Lanata-Flores AG, Sánchez-Romero C, Rodriguez-Chessa J, Haidar ZS, Olate S, Iwaki-Filho L. COVID-19 y la Odontología: una revisión de las recomendaciones y perspectivas para Latinoamérica. Int J Odontostomat. 2020; 14(3): 299-309.
36. De Vasconcelos GB, Borges S, Borges RE, Calderon P. COVID-19: Perspectives for the management of dental care and education. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020; 28.
37. Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Secretaría de Gobernación. Acuerdo por el que se establecen los lineamientos técnicos específicos para la reapertura de las actividades económicas. Diario Oficial. 2020 May. 29.
38. Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Secretaría de Salud. Norma oficial mexicana para la prevención y control de enfermedades bucales. NOM-013-SSA2-2015. Ciudad de México: la Secretaría; 2016 Nov. 23.
39. Medina ASJ, Salinas NA. Lineamientos de bioseguridad utilizados en las clínicas dentales periféricas de la Universidad de Monterrey durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev ADM. 2020; 77(3): 146-152. https://doi.org/10.35366/94008
40. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius D. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020; 84(6): 718‐722. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12163
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Brote de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19): orientaciones para el público. Washington, DC: OMS; 2020. https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
3. Peng X, Xu X, Li, Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020 Mar 3; 12(1): 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0075-9
4. Volgenant CMC, Persoon IF, de Ruijter RAG, de Soet JJH. Infection control in dental health care during and after the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Oral Dis. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13408
5. Baghizadeh Fini M. What dentists need to know about COVID-19. Oral Oncol. 2020 Jun; 105:104741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104741
6. Fontenele RC, Gomes AF, Freitas DQ. Oral radiology practice in dental schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: What will be the new normal? Imaging Sci Dent. 2020 Sep; 50(3): 265-267. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2020.50.3.265
7. Arher A, Patel B, Ruparel NB, Diogenes A, Hargreaves KM. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental care. J Endod. 2020; 46(5): 584‐595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.008
8. Odeh ND, Babkair H, Abu-Hammad S, Borzangy S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. COVID-19: Present and future challenges for dental practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 30; 17(9): 3151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093151
9. Izzetti R, Nisi M, Gabriele M, Graziani F. COVID-19 Transmission in dental practice: brief review of preventive measures in Italy. J Dent Res. 2020 Aug; 99(9): 1030-1038. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520920580
10. Desai B. Clinical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental education. J Dent Educ. 2020; 84(5): 512. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12162
11. Norina F. COVID-19 challenges in dental health care and dental schools. Rom J Oral Rehab. 2020; 12(2) 6-12.
12. Farooq I, Ali S, Moheet IA, AlHumaid J. COVID-19 outbreak, disruption of dental education, and the role of teledentistry. Pak J Med Sci. 2020 Nov-Dec; 36(7): 1726-1731. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3125
13. Loch C, Kuan IBJ, Elsalem L, Schwass D, Brunton PA, Jum'ah A. COVID-19 and dental clinical practice: Students and clinical staff perceptions of health risks and educational impact. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12402
14. Hung M, Licari FW, Hon ES, et al. In an era of uncertainty: Impact of COVID-19 on dental education. J Dent Educ. 2020;1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12404
15. Alzahrani AAH. Practices and attitudes of dental practitioners toward patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. J Res Med Dent Sci., 2020; 8(3): 214-223.
16. Dos Santos M, Ribeiro N, Dos Santos V, Oliveira C. Doença por Coronavírus 2019: desafios emergentes e o ensino odontológico brasileiro. Rev Da Abeno. 2020; 20(2): 2-15.
17. Umeizudike KA, Isiekwe IG, Fadeju AD, Akinboboye BO, Aladenika ET. Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID‐19 and infection control practices. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-10.
18. Whittemore R, Chao A, Jang M, Minges KE, Park C. Methods for knowledge synthesis: an overview. Heart Lung. 2014; 43(5): 453-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.05.014.
19. Veesaci MB. CDC reminds clinicians to use standard precautions, recommends isolating patients with coronavirus symptoms. Chicago, IL: American Dental Association; 2020 Feb. 7.
20. Akinkugbe AA, Garcia DT, Smith CS, Brickhouse TH, Mosavel M. A descriptive pilot study of the immediate impacts of COVID-19 on dental and dental hygiene students’ readiness and wellness. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12456
21. Wang K, Zhang L, Ye L. A nationwide survey of online teaching strategies in dental education in China. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12413
22. Cassol J, Coelho C, Andreade J. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching of dentistry in Brazil. J Dent Educ. 2020; 84(11): 1185-1187. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12364
23. Chavarría D, Gómez A, Dittel C, Montero M. E-learning in dental schools in the times of COVID-19: A review and analysis of an educational resource in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Odovtos-Int J Dent Sci. 2020; 22(3): 69-86. https://doi.org/10.15517/ijds.
24. Damien NM, Chappell DJ, van der Hoeven R. Teaching emergency medicine in a dental school during the time of COVID-19. J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12322
25. Sukumar S, Dracopoulos SA, Martin FE. Dental education in the time of SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Dent Educ. 2020; 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12608
26. Quinn B, Field J, Gorter R, Akota I, Manzanares MC, Paganelli C, Davies J, Dixon J, Gabor G, Amaral Mendes R, Hahn P, Vital S, O'Brien J, Murphy D, Tubert-Jeannin S. COVID-19: The immediate response of European academic dental institutions and future implications for dental education. Eur J Dent Educ. 2020; 24(4): 811-814. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12542
27. Schlenz MA, Schmidt A, Wöstmann B, Krämer N, Schulz N. Students’ and lecturers’ perspective on the implementation of online learning in dental education due to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2020; 20(354): 2-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02266-3
28. Ferrazzano G, Ingenito A, Cantile T. COVID-19 disease in children: what dentists should know and do to prevent viral spread. the Italian point of view. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(10): 3642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103642
29. Barabari P, Moharamzadeh K. Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and dentistry-a comprehensive review of literature. Dent J (Basel). 2020 May 21; 8(2): 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj8020053
30. Ghai S. Are dental schools adequately preparing dental students to face outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19? J Dent Educ. 2020; (84): 631-633. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12174
31. Peres KG, Reher P, de Castro RD, Vieira AR. COVID-19-related challenges in dental education: experiences from Brazil, the USA, and Australia. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2020; 20(supl 1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.130
32. Xu R, Cui B, Duan X, Zhang P, Zhou X, Yuan Q. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV. Int Oral Sci. 2020; 12(1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0080-z
33. Bizzoca ME, Campisi G, Lo Muzio L. Covid-19 pandemic: what changes for dentists and oral medicine experts? A narrative review and novel approaches to infection containment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(11): 3793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113793
34. Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). Resumen de las “Prácticas para la prevención de enfermedades en entornos odontológicos: Expectativas básicas para la atención segura”. Atlanta, GA: Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos, CDC, Centro Nacional para la Prevención de Enfermedades Crónicas y Promoción de la Salud, División de Salud Oral; 2017 Mar.
35. Sigua-Rodríguez EA, Bernal-Pérez JL, Lanata-Flores AG, Sánchez-Romero C, Rodriguez-Chessa J, Haidar ZS, Olate S, Iwaki-Filho L. COVID-19 y la Odontología: una revisión de las recomendaciones y perspectivas para Latinoamérica. Int J Odontostomat. 2020; 14(3): 299-309.
36. De Vasconcelos GB, Borges S, Borges RE, Calderon P. COVID-19: Perspectives for the management of dental care and education. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020; 28.
37. Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Secretaría de Gobernación. Acuerdo por el que se establecen los lineamientos técnicos específicos para la reapertura de las actividades económicas. Diario Oficial. 2020 May. 29.
38. Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Secretaría de Salud. Norma oficial mexicana para la prevención y control de enfermedades bucales. NOM-013-SSA2-2015. Ciudad de México: la Secretaría; 2016 Nov. 23.
39. Medina ASJ, Salinas NA. Lineamientos de bioseguridad utilizados en las clínicas dentales periféricas de la Universidad de Monterrey durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev ADM. 2020; 77(3): 146-152. https://doi.org/10.35366/94008
40. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius D. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020; 84(6): 718‐722. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12163
Cómo citar
Cazares de León, F., Cantú Canales, M. de L. J., Rodríguez Castillo, V. R., Gutiérrez Lizardi, P., Soto Gámez, D. E., & Peraldi Sada, M. G. (2020). Desafíos y alternativas en la educación dental durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Revisión integrativa de la literatura. Universitas Odontologica, 39. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.uo39.cade
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Dossier: Desafíos y Alternativas de la Educación Odontológica Latinoamericana
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