Palabras clave
factor de necrosis tumoral alfa
haplotipo
odontología
periodontitis
polimorfismo genético
susceptibilidad a la enfermedad
Cómo citar
Resumen
Antecedentes: La periodontitis es una enfermedad infecciosa que compromete los tejidos de soporte del diente. Suele ser crónica y puede tener un curso agresivo. El TNF-α es una citocina relacionada con la progresión de la enfermedad. Su gen se ubica cerca de los genes HLA en el cromosoma 6. Algunas variantes en haplotipo podrían asociarse con susceptibilidad. Objetivo: Presentar un análisis sistemático de la literatura sobre variantes en los genes HLA y TNF-α asociadas con fenotipos de periodontitis crónica y agresiva (los más reportados en la literatura), y su posible desequilibrio de ligamiento. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión y se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo. La variable independiente fue la variante genética reportada en cada publicación. La variable dependiente fue el estado de salud periodontal. Para explorar el desequilibrio de ligamiento se revisaron asociaciones múltiples entre variantes. Resultados: Se incluyeron 38 estudios de casos y controles. En periodontitis crónica y agresiva se reportaron variantes de TNF-α relacionadas con mayor susceptibilidad. También se describieron genotipos y haplotipos de HLA clase I y II con mayor frecuencia en los grupos evaluados. Conclusiones: No se identificaron reportes de asociación en haplotipo entre polimorfismos de TNF-α y HLA. Sin embargo, los SNV en las posiciones -308, -1031, -863 y -857 de TNF-α se han asociado con enfermedad periodontal y con mayor agresividad. En HLA clase I y II, los hallazgos siguen siendo heterogéneos y no se han definido variantes asociadas de forma consistente.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Adriana Zuleny Romero-Fonseca, Francisco Sir-Mendoza, Mauricio Rey-Buitrago