Signos y síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares en niños entre los 6 y los 13 años de edad. Serie de 50 casos / Signs and Symptoms from Temporomandibular Disorders in Children between 6 and 13 Years of Age. 50-Case Report
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Antecedentes: Trastornos temporomandibulares es un término colectivo que incluye numerosos problemas clínicos asociados con los músculos de la masticación, las articulaciones temporomandibulares y otras estructuras asociadas. La investigación sobre estos trastornos en niños no se ha llevado a cabo en el ámbito colombiano. Propósito: Describir los signos y síntomas asociados con trastornos temporomandibulares en niños colombianos entre los 6 y los 13 años de edad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal (serie de casos). La muestra estuvo constituida por 50 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 13 años de edad, quienes fueron atendidos en los consultorios pediátricos dentales de pregrado en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, de Bogotá. Los signos y síntomas se identificaron por medio de un cuestionario y un examen clínico de los trastornos temporomandibulares. Resultados: La media de la muestra fue de 8,8 ± 1,9 años de edad. Se encontró que el 36 % de los niños tenía signos y síntomas asociados con trastornos temporomandibulares. El síntoma más frecuente fue el dolor de cabeza por tensión; mientras que los signos fueron el aumento de tamaño de músculos maseteros y temporal anterior, y la sensibilidad de estos músculos a la palpación. Conclusión: La alta frecuencia de signos y síntomas asociados con los trastornos temporomandibulares debe tenerse en cuenta para implementar estrategias para el diagnóstico precoz y la prevención de estas enfermedades en los niños.
Background: Temporomandibular disorders is a collective term that includes numerous clinical problems associated with the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joints, and other associated structures. Research about temporomandibular disorders in children has not been conducted in Colombian populations. Purpose: To describe the signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders in Colombian children between the ages of 6 to 13 years old. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study (case series). The sample consisted of 50 patients with ages ranging from 6 to 13 years old, who attended the undergraduate pediatric dental clinics at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, in Bogotá. The signs and symptoms were identified through a questionnaire and clinical examination for temporomandibular disorders. Results: The average age of the sample was 8.8 ± 1.9 years. 36 % of the children had signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders. The most frequent symptom was tension-type headaches, while the signs were both the increase in size of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles, and tenderness of these muscles on palpation. Conclusions: The high frequency of signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders should be taken into account to implement strategies for early diagnosis and prevention of these diseases in children.
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