Keywords
Camellia sinensis
Dental Caries
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
How to Cite
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Background: Green tea, obtained from the Camellia sinensis, is one of the most popular drinks worldwide and has recently been in the focus of scientific research due to its beneficial effects on general health. Several studies suggest that, among the polyphenols found on green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most bioactive compound and is responsible for its antibacterial activity. Purpose: To conduct a qualitative systematic review of literature evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of EGCG against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methods: Relevant published studies included in the Pubmed (1966- June 2015), Scopus (1960- June 2015), Web of Science (1900- June 2015), and Google Scholar databases were identified. Publications of in vitro studies, which studied EGCG antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans, were extracted and pooled in a table. The evaluation included inhibition zone measures, reduction of the number of microorganisms, and biofilm formation. Results: Twelve studies were selected to compose this systematic review. Eleven of them showed that EGCG has antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans. Conclusions: In vitro evidence available confirms the antibacterial activity of EGCG against S. mutans.
RESUMEN. Antecedentes: El té verde, obtenido de la Camellia sinensis, es una de las bebidas más populares en el mundo y ha estado recientemente en el foco de atención de la investigación científica por sus efectos benéficos en la salud general. Varios estudios sugieren que, entre los polifenoles encontrados en el té verde, la epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG) es el compuesto más bioactivo y es el responsable de su actividad antimicrobiana. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática cualitativa de la literatura donde se evalúe la actividad antibacteriana de la EGCG contra el Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Métodos: Se identificaron estudios relevantes incluidos en las bases de datos bibliográficas Pubmed (1966- junio 2015), Scopus (1960- junio 2015), Web of Science (1900- junio 2015) y Google Académico. Los datos de estudios in vitro que investigaron la eficacia antibacterial de la EGCG contra el S. mutans se seleccionaron y organizaron en una tabla. La evaluación de los estudios incluyó los criterios: medidas de las zonas de inhibición, reducción del número de microorganismos y formación de biopelícula. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 12 estudios para la revisión sistemática. Once de ellos comprobaron la eficacia antibacteriana de la EGCG contra el S. mutans. Conclusiones: La evidencia in vitro disponible confirma que la EGCG tiene un efecto antibacteriano contra el S. mutans.
Cai Y, Kurita-Ochiai T, Hashizume T, Yamamoto M. Green tea epigalocatechin-3-gallate attenuates Porphyrmonas gingivalis – induced atherosclerosis. Pathog Dis. 2013 Feb; 67(1):76-83.
Subramanian P, Eswara U, Maheshwar Reddy KR. Effect of different types of tea on Streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2012; 23:43-8.
McKay DL, Blumberg JB. The role of tea in human health: an update. J Am Coll Nutr. 2002; 21:1-13.
Prabhakar J, Senthilkumar M, Priya MS, Mahalakshmi K, Sehgal PK, Sukumaran VG. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of herbal alternatives (Triphala and green tea polyphenols), MTAD, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate: an in vitro study. J Endod. 2010; 36:83-6.
Reygaert WC. The antimicrobial possibilities of green tea. Front Microbiol. 2014 Aug 20; 5:434.
Steinmann J, Buer J, Pietschmann T, Steinmann E. Anti-infective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea. Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Mar; 168(5):1059-73.
Hrishi T, Kundapur P, Naha A, Thomas B, Kamath S, Bhat G. Effect of adjunctive use of green tea dentifrice in periodontitis patients – A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2015; 17.
Sakanaka S, Kim M, Taniguchi M, Yamamoto T. Antibacterial substance in Japanese Green tea extract against Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacterium. Agr Biol Chem. 1989; 53:2307-2311.
Klein MI, Hwang G, Santos PH, Campanella OH, Koo H. Streptococcus mutans-derived extracellular matrix in cariogenic oral biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2015; 5:10.
Kt S, Kmk M, NB, Jimson SRS. Dental caries vaccine - a possible option? J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:1250-3.
Janardhanan S, Mahendra J, Girija AS, Mahendra L, Priyadharsini V. Antimicrobial Effects of Garcinia Mangostana on Cariogenic Microorganisms. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jan;11(1):ZC19-ZC22.
Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol. Rev. 1986; 50: 353-80.
Hamada S, Slade HD. Biology, Immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Rev. 1980; 44(2): 331–384.
Trevisanato SI, Kim YI. Tea and health. Nutr Rev 2000; 58:1-10.
Asahi Y, Noiri Y, Miura J, Maezono H, Yamaguchi M, Yamamoto R, Azakami H, Hayashi M, Ebisu S. Effects of the tea catechin Epigallocatechin Gallate on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. J Appl Microbiol. 2014; 116:1164-71.
Narotzki B, Reznick AZ, Aizenbud D, Levy Y. Green tea: a promising natural product in oral health. Arch Oral Biol. 2012; 57:429-35.
Assis JS, Lima RA, Lima JPM, Rodrigues LKA, Santiago SL. Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate application for remaining carious dentin disinfection. J Conserv Dent. 2015; 18: 51-55.
Twetman, S. Antimicrobials in future caries control? A review with special reference to chlorhexidine treatment. Caries Res. 2004; 38(3):223-9.
Drago L, Bortolin M, Taschieri S, De Vecchi E, Agrappi S, Del Fabbro M, Francetti L, Mattina R. Erythritol/chlorhexidine combination reduces microbial biofilm and prevents its formation on titanium surfaces in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med. 2016 Dec 9.
García-Caballero L, Quintas V, Prada-López I, Seoane J, Donos N, Tomás I. Chlorhexidine substantivity on salivary flora and plaque-like biofilm: an in situ model. PLoS One. 2013; 8:e83522.
Marsh PD. Microbiological aspects of the chemical control of plaque and gingivitis. J Dent Res. 1992; 71:1431-8.
Osso D, Kanani N. Antiseptic mouthrinses: an update on comparative effectiveness, risks and recommendations. J Dent Hyg. 2013; 87:10-8.
Anita P, Sivasamy S, Madan Kumar PD, Balan IN, Ethiraj S. In vitro antibacterial activity of Camellia sinensis extract against cariogenic microorganisms. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2014; 6:35-9.
Hu J, Du X, Huang C, Fu D, Ouyang X, Wang Y. Antibacterial and physical properties of EGCG-containing glass ionomer cements. J Dent. 2013; 41:927-34.
Mankovskaia A, Lévesque CM, Prakki A. Catechin-incorporated dental copolymers inhibit growth of Streptococcus mutans. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013; 21:203-7.
Tamura M, Saito H, Kikuchi K, Ishigami T, Toyama Y, Takami M, Ochiai K. Antimicrobial activity of Gel-entrapped catechins toward oral microorganisms. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011; 34:638-43.
Du X, Huang X, Huang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) enhances the therapeutic activity of a dental adhesive. J Dent. 2012; 40: 485-92.
Saito K, Hayakawa T, Kuwahara NS, Kasai K. Antibacterial Activity and Bond Strength to Enamel of Catechin-Incorporated 4-META/MMA-TBB Resin as an Orthodontic Adhesive Resin. Journal of Hard Tissue Biology. 2011; 20:203-210.
Shumi W, Hossain MA, Park DJ, Park S. Inhibitory Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Exopolysaccharide Production by Streptococcus mutans under Microfluidic Conditions. BioChip J. 2014; 8: 179-186.
Xu X, Zhou XD, Wu CD. Tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by suppressing gtf genes. Arch Oral Biol. 2012; 57:678-83.
Xu X, Zhou XD, Wu CD. The tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate suppresses cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55:1229-36.
Yoshino K, Nakamura Y, Ikeya H, Sei T, Inoue A, Sano M, Tomita I. Antimicrobial activity of tea extracts on cariogenic bacterium (Streptococcus mutans). J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan. 1996; 37:104-8.
Sakanaka S, Kim M, Taniguchi M, Yamamoto T. Antibacterial substances in Japanese green tea extract against Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacterium. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1989; 53:2307-11.
This journal is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Thus, this work may be reproduced, distributed, and publicly shared in digital format, as long as the names of the authors and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana are acknowledged. Others are allowed to quote, adapt, transform, auto-archive, republish, and create based on this material, for any purpose (even commercial ones), provided the authorship is duly acknowledged, a link to the original work is provided, and it is specified if changes have been made. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana does not hold the rights of published works and the authors are solely responsible for the contents of their works; they keep the moral, intellectual, privacy, and publicity rights.
Approving the intervention of the work (review, copy-editing, translation, layout) and the following outreach, are granted through an use license and not through an assignment of rights. This means the journal and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana cannot be held responsible for any ethical malpractice by the authors. As a consequence of the protection granted by the use license, the journal is not required to publish recantations or modify information already published, unless the errata stems from the editorial management process. Publishing contents in this journal does not generate royalties for contributors.