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Abstract
Intestinal obstruction is the most common surgical emergency compromising the small bowel. As part of the medical treatment the use of empiric antibiotic therapy has been suggested considering the pathological finding of bacterial translocation caused by small bowel obstruction. Methods: A broad systematic search was performed in Medline, EMBASE and PubMed bibliographic databases using key words as bacterial translocation, intestinal obstruction, gut microflora and/or sepsis. Results: This literature review intends to explore the physiopathological importance of the bacterial translocation in patients with mechanical small bowel obstruction, to establish if the bacterial translocation is a cause of bacteremia and/or sepsis, and finally assess the utility of antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: The literature informs an increased risk of bacterial translocation (14-15.4%), and sepsis complications and/or bacteremia (45%), however the existant evidence is not conclusive regarding the use of antibiotics and more research is required in this field.
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