Abstract
Chagas disease affects nearly 20 million people and it is a pathology restricted to the American continent. This disease has a chronic character and it is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is actually classified in two major lineages: Trypanosoma cruzi I and Trypanosoma cruzi II. These lineages have particular features related with geographic distribution and clinical manifestations.
Gaunt M, Yeo M, Frame I. Mechanism of genetic exchange in American
Trypanosomes. Nature. 2003;421:936-9.
Junqueira A, Degrave W, Brandao A. Minicircle organization and diversity in Trypanosoma cruzi populations. Trend Parasitol. 2005;21:270-3.
Telleria J, Lafay B, Virreira M, Barnabé C, Tibayrenc M and Svoboda M. Trypanosoma cruzi: Sequence analysis of the variable region of kinetoplast minicircles. Experim Parasitol. 2006;114:279-88.
Baptista C, Vêncio R, Abdala S, Carranza J, Westenberger S, Silva M, et al. Differential transcription profiles in Trypanosoma cuzi associated with clinical forms of Chagas disease: Maxicircle NADH dehydrogenase subunit 7 gene truncation in asymptomatic patient isolates. Mol & Biochem Parasitol. 2006;150:238-48.
Teixeira AR, Argañaraz ER, Freitas LH, Zulmira J, Lacava G, Santana J, et al. Possible integration of Trypanosoma cruzi kDNA minicircles into the host cell genome by infection. Mutat Research. 1994;305:197-209.
Nitz N, Gomes C. Heritable integration of kDNA minicircle sequences from Trypanosoma cruzi into the avian genome. Cell. 2004;118:175-86.
Simoes-Barbosa A, Argañaraz E, Barros A, Nitz N, Teixeira A, Alves N, et al. Hitchhiking Trypanosoma cruzi minicircle DNA affects gene expression in human host cells via LINE-1 retrotransposon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006;101:833-43.
Zafra G, Flórez O, Morillo C, Martín J, González CI. Inmunogenética de la enfermedad de Chagas. Salud UIS. 2006;38:76-7.
Ávila H, Pereira J, Thiemann O, De Paiva E, Degrave W, Morel C, et al.
Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in blood specimens of chronic chagasic
patients by polymerase chain reaction amplification of kinetoplast minicircle DNA: comparison with serology and xenodiagnosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:2421-6.
Sanbrook Rl. Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual. Third edition. New York: CHSL Press; 2001. p. 110.
Nitz N, Gomes C. Heritable integration of kDNA minicircle sequences from Trypanosoma cruzi into the avian genome. Cell. 2004;118:175-86.
Roche Molecular Biochemicals DIG Application Manual for Filter
Hybridization. First edition. Manheim, Germany: Roche Diagnostics GmbH; 2000;45.
Tarleton R. Chagas disease: A role for autoimmunity? Trend Parasitol. 2003;19:447-51.
Nitz N, Gomes C. Heritable integration of kDNA minicircle sequences from Trypanosoma cruzi into the avian genome. Cell. 2004;118:175-86.
Gomes M, Macedo A, Vago A. Trypanosoma cruzi: Optimization of
polymerase chain reaction for detection in human blood. Exp Parasitol.
;88:28-33.
Tarleton R. Chagas disease: A role for autoimmunity? Trend Parasitol. 2003;19:447-51.
Nitz N, Gomes C. Heritable integration of kDNA minicircle sequences from Trypanosoma cruzi into the avian genome. Cell. 2004;118:175-86.
This journal is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. Thus, this work may be reproduced, distributed, and publicly shared in digital format, as long as the names of the authors and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana are acknowledged. Others are allowed to quote, adapt, transform, auto-archive, republish, and create based on this material, for any purpose (even commercial ones), provided the authorship is duly acknowledged, a link to the original work is provided, and it is specified if changes have been made. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana does not hold the rights of published works and the authors are solely responsible for the contents of their works; they keep the moral, intellectual, privacy, and publicity rights.
Approving the intervention of the work (review, copy-editing, translation, layout) and the following outreach, are granted through an use license and not through an assignment of rights. This means the journal and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana cannot be held responsible for any ethical malpractice by the authors. As a consequence of the protection granted by the use license, the journal is not required to publish recantations or modify information already published, unless the errata stems from the editorial management process. Publishing contents in this journal does not generate royalties for contributors.