Hidrocefalia de presión normal: guía de diagnóstico y manejo
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Resumen
La hidrocefalia de presión normal es el síndrome caracterizado por alteración en la marcha, demencia o asociado con aumento de tamaño ventricular y presión normal del líquido cefalorraquídeo. Puede ser secundaria a procesos que causan inflamación de la aracnoides, pero más de la mitad de los pacientes no tiene factor de riesgo claro identificable, y en estos casos es llamada hidrocefalia de presión normal idiopática. Los datos epidemiológicos son limitados, y aunque puede ser vista a cualquier edad, la hidrocefalia ocurre generalmente entre la sexta y séptima décadas de la vida. Los criterios diagnósticos incluyen más de un síntoma clásico de la tríada, hallazgos típicos en neuroimágenes y medición de presión y líquido cefalorraquídeo y TAP-test. Existen múltiples alternativas de manejo pero la única definitiva es la cirugía; la derivación ventrículo-peritoneal es efectiva cuando se retira el líquido cefalorraquídeo, pues brinda mayor capacitancia, disminuye el edema intersticial, mejora la perfusión y evita la isquemia.
Keywords
hidrocefalia, tratamiento, idiopática, Hydrocephalus, treatment, idiopathic,
References
1. McGirt MJ, Woodworth G, Coon AL et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and analysis of long-term outcomes in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2008;62 (Suppl 2):670-7.
2. Pereira B. Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Diagnostic and predictive evaluation. Dement. Neuropsychol. 2009;3(1980-5764):8-5.
3. Hakim S. Some observations on CSF pressure: Hydrocephalic syndrome in adults with “normal” CSF pressure. Bogotá: Neurosurgery Javeriana University School of Medicine; 1964.
4. Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Relkin N et al. Development of guidelines for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: introduction. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 Suppl):S1-3; discussion ii-v.
5. Marmarou A, Young HF, Aygok GA, et al. Diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective study in 151 patients. J Neurosurg. 2005;102(6):987-97.
6. Vanneste JA. Diagnosis and management of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol. 2000;247(1):5-14.
7. Bateman GA. Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR. Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(9):1574-85.
8. Bradley WG. Normal pressure hydrocephalus: new concepts on etiology and diagnosis. AJNR. Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(9):1586-90.
9. Fisher CM. Hydrocephalus as a cause of disturbances of gait in the elderly. Neurology. 1982;32(12):1358-63.
10. Adams RD, Fisher CM, Hakim S, Ojemann RG, Sweet WH. Symptomatic occult hydrocephalus with “normal” cerebrospinal-fluid pressure.a treatable syndrome. N Eng J Med. 1965;273:117-26.
11. Sudarsky L, Simon S. Gait disorder in late-life hydrocephalus. Arch Neurol. 1987;44(3):263-7.
12. Graff-Radford N. Normal pressure hydrocephalus [internet]. 2014. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/normalpressure-hydrocephalus.
13. Lenfeldt N, Larsson A, Nyberg L, et al. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: increased supplementary motor activity accounts for improvement after CSF drainage. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 11):2904-12.
14. Ishikawa M, Hashimoto M, Kuwana N, et al. Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Med-Chir (Tokyo). 2008;48 Suppl:S1-23.
15. Jacobs L, Kinkel W. Computerized axial transverse tomography in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurology. 1976;26(6 pt 1): 501-7.
16. Gyldensted C. Measurements of the normal ventricular system and hemispheric sulci of 100 adults with computed tomography. Neuroradiology. 1977;14(4):183-92.
17. Jack CR Jr., Petersen RC, O’Brien PC, Tangalos EG. MR-based hippocampal volumetry in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1992;42(1):183-8.
18. Bradley WG, Jr., Scalzo D, Queralt J et al. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements at MR imaging. Radiology. 1996;198(2):523-9.
19. Sherman JL, Citrin CM, Gangarosa RE, Bowen BJ. The MR appearance of CSF flow in patients with ventriculomegaly. AJR. Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148(1):193-9.
20. Gallia GL, Rigamonti D, Williams MA. The diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2006;2(7):375-81.
21. Wikkelso C, Andersson H, Blomstrand C et al. Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Predictive value of the cerebrospinal fluid tap-test. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986;73(6):566-73.
22. Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Klinge P et al. The value of supplemental prognostic tests for the preoperative assessment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 Suppl):S17-28; discussion ii-v.
23. Hakim S, Adams RD. The special clinical problem of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure: Observations on cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. J Neurol Sci. 1965;2(4):307-27.
24. Wikkelso C, Andersson H, Blomstrand C, Lindqvist G. The clinical effect of lumbar puncture in normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45(1):64-9.
25. Black PM, Ojemann RG, Tzouras A. CSF shunts for dementia, incontinence, and gait disturbance. Clin Neurosurg. 1985;32:632-51.
26. Iddon JL, Pickard JD, Cross JJ et al. Specific patterns of cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;67(6):723-32.
27. Miyoshi N, Kazui H, Ogino A et al. Association between cognitive impairment and gait disturbance in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;20(2-3):71-6.
28. Graff-Radford NR, Godersky JC, Jones MP. Variables predicting surgical outcome in symptomatic hydrocephalus in the elderly. Neurology. 1989;39(12):1601-4.
29. Bergsneider M, Black PM, Klinge P et al. Surgical management of idiopathic normalpressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 Suppl):S29-39; discussion ii-v.
30. Mitchell P, Mathew B. Third ventriculostomy in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Br J Neurosurg. 1999;13(4):382-5.
2. Pereira B. Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Diagnostic and predictive evaluation. Dement. Neuropsychol. 2009;3(1980-5764):8-5.
3. Hakim S. Some observations on CSF pressure: Hydrocephalic syndrome in adults with “normal” CSF pressure. Bogotá: Neurosurgery Javeriana University School of Medicine; 1964.
4. Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Relkin N et al. Development of guidelines for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: introduction. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 Suppl):S1-3; discussion ii-v.
5. Marmarou A, Young HF, Aygok GA, et al. Diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective study in 151 patients. J Neurosurg. 2005;102(6):987-97.
6. Vanneste JA. Diagnosis and management of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol. 2000;247(1):5-14.
7. Bateman GA. Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR. Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(9):1574-85.
8. Bradley WG. Normal pressure hydrocephalus: new concepts on etiology and diagnosis. AJNR. Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(9):1586-90.
9. Fisher CM. Hydrocephalus as a cause of disturbances of gait in the elderly. Neurology. 1982;32(12):1358-63.
10. Adams RD, Fisher CM, Hakim S, Ojemann RG, Sweet WH. Symptomatic occult hydrocephalus with “normal” cerebrospinal-fluid pressure.a treatable syndrome. N Eng J Med. 1965;273:117-26.
11. Sudarsky L, Simon S. Gait disorder in late-life hydrocephalus. Arch Neurol. 1987;44(3):263-7.
12. Graff-Radford N. Normal pressure hydrocephalus [internet]. 2014. Disponible en: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/normalpressure-hydrocephalus.
13. Lenfeldt N, Larsson A, Nyberg L, et al. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: increased supplementary motor activity accounts for improvement after CSF drainage. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 11):2904-12.
14. Ishikawa M, Hashimoto M, Kuwana N, et al. Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Med-Chir (Tokyo). 2008;48 Suppl:S1-23.
15. Jacobs L, Kinkel W. Computerized axial transverse tomography in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurology. 1976;26(6 pt 1): 501-7.
16. Gyldensted C. Measurements of the normal ventricular system and hemispheric sulci of 100 adults with computed tomography. Neuroradiology. 1977;14(4):183-92.
17. Jack CR Jr., Petersen RC, O’Brien PC, Tangalos EG. MR-based hippocampal volumetry in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1992;42(1):183-8.
18. Bradley WG, Jr., Scalzo D, Queralt J et al. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements at MR imaging. Radiology. 1996;198(2):523-9.
19. Sherman JL, Citrin CM, Gangarosa RE, Bowen BJ. The MR appearance of CSF flow in patients with ventriculomegaly. AJR. Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148(1):193-9.
20. Gallia GL, Rigamonti D, Williams MA. The diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2006;2(7):375-81.
21. Wikkelso C, Andersson H, Blomstrand C et al. Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Predictive value of the cerebrospinal fluid tap-test. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986;73(6):566-73.
22. Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Klinge P et al. The value of supplemental prognostic tests for the preoperative assessment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 Suppl):S17-28; discussion ii-v.
23. Hakim S, Adams RD. The special clinical problem of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure: Observations on cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. J Neurol Sci. 1965;2(4):307-27.
24. Wikkelso C, Andersson H, Blomstrand C, Lindqvist G. The clinical effect of lumbar puncture in normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45(1):64-9.
25. Black PM, Ojemann RG, Tzouras A. CSF shunts for dementia, incontinence, and gait disturbance. Clin Neurosurg. 1985;32:632-51.
26. Iddon JL, Pickard JD, Cross JJ et al. Specific patterns of cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;67(6):723-32.
27. Miyoshi N, Kazui H, Ogino A et al. Association between cognitive impairment and gait disturbance in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;20(2-3):71-6.
28. Graff-Radford NR, Godersky JC, Jones MP. Variables predicting surgical outcome in symptomatic hydrocephalus in the elderly. Neurology. 1989;39(12):1601-4.
29. Bergsneider M, Black PM, Klinge P et al. Surgical management of idiopathic normalpressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3 Suppl):S29-39; discussion ii-v.
30. Mitchell P, Mathew B. Third ventriculostomy in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Br J Neurosurg. 1999;13(4):382-5.
Cómo citar
Acevedo González, J. C., & Borda-Borda, M. G. (2014). Hidrocefalia de presión normal: guía de diagnóstico y manejo. Universitas Medica, 56(1), 81–90. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/vnimedica/article/view/16342
Número
Sección
Revisión de tema