Experiential Learning with Global Virtual Teams: Developing Intercultural and Virtual Competencies
Published
Dec 15, 2016
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Anne Marie Zwerg-Villegas
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-8955
Jaime Humberto Martínez-Díaz
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-0267
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Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of Global Virtual Team (GVT)- based experiential learning in business education. During the first semester of 2014, 2,494 university business students from 37 countries from all inhabited continents participated in the X-Culture project. Post-project surveys applied to a participating group and to a control group of Colombian students reveal significant learning in terms of perceived difficulties related to cultural differences and virtual team coordination. This study provides evidence for the usefulness of GVT-based approaches and facilitates a better understanding of the challenges and learning opportunities in using this type of experiential learning activity.
Keywords
Global virtual teams, business education, X-Culture, cultural competencesEquipos virtuales globales, educación de negocios, X-Culture, competencias culturales
References
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Gavidia, J. V.; Hernández-Mogollón, R. & Baena, C. (2005). Using International Virtual Teams in the Business Classroom. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 16(2), 51-74.
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Leiba-O'Sullivan, S. (1999). The Distinction between Stable and Dynamic Cross-Cultural Competencies: Implications for Expatriate Trainability. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(4), 709-725.
Lipnack, J. & Stamps, J. (2000). Virtual Teams: People Working Across Boundaries with Technology. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
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Mintzberg, H. & Gosling, J. (2002). Educating Managers beyond Borders. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 1(1), 64-78.
Oddou, G.; Mendenhall, M. E. & Ritchie, J. B. (2000). Leveraging Travel as a Tool for Global Leadership Development. Human Resource Development, 39(2-3), 159-172.
Rehg, M. T.; Gundlach, M. J. & Grigorian, R. A. (2012). Examining the Influence of Cross-Cultural Training on Cultural Intelligence and Specific Self-Efficacy. Cross-Cultural Management: An International Jour- nal, 19(2), 215-232.
Sherif, M.; Harvey, O. J.; White, B. J.; Hood, W. & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. Norman, Oklahoma: University Book Exchange.
Sutanto, J.; Kankanhalli, A. & Tan, B. C. (2011). Deriving IT-Mediated Task Coordination Portfolios for Global Virtual Teams. IEEE Transactions of Professional Communication, 54(2), 133-151.
Taras, V.; Caprar, D. V.; Rottig, D.; Sarala, R. M.; Zakaria, N.; Zhao, F.; Jimé- nez, A.; Wankel, C.; Lei, W. S.; Minor, M. S.; Bryla, P.; Ordeñana, X.; Bode, A.; Schuster, A.; Vaiginiene, E.; Froese, F. J.; Bathula, H.; Yajnik, N.; Baldegger, R.; Huang, V. Z., Taras, V.; Caprar, D. V.; Rottig, D.; Sarala, R. M.; Zakaria, N.; Zhao, F. & Huang, V. Z. (2013). A Global Classroom? Evaluating the Effectiveness of Global Virtual Collaboration as a Teaching Tool in Management Education. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 12(3), 414-435.
Tonks, D. (2002). Using Marketing Simulations for Teaching and Learning. Reflections on an Evolution. Active Learning in Higher Education, 3(2), 177-194.
Vogel, J. J.; Greenwood-Ericksen, A.; Cannon-Bowers, J. & Bowers, C. A. (2006). Using Virtual Reality with and without Gaming Attributes for Academic Achievement. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39(1), 105-118.
Arnold, J.; Loan-Clarke, J.; Harrington, A. & Hart, C. (1999). Student's Perception of Competence Development in Undergraduate Business-related Degrees. Studies in Higher Education, 24(1), 43-59.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Barak, M.; Lipson, A. & Lerman, S. (2006). Wireless Laptops as Means for Promoting Active Learning in Large Lecture Halls. Journal on Research on Technology in Education, 38(3), 245-263. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ EJ728904.pdf
Belton, V.; Scott, J. L. & Thornbury-Gould, H. (2006). Developing the Reflective Practitioner-Designing an Undergraduate Class. Interfaces, 36(2), 150-164.
Blanchard, F. A.; Adelman, L. & Cook, S. W. (1975). Effect of Group Success and Failure upon Interpersonal Attraction in Cooperating Interracial Groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(6), 1020-1030.
Blasco, M. (2009). Cultural Pragmatists? Student Perspectives on Learning Culture at a Business School. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 8(2), 174-187.
Bochner, S. (ed.) (1982). Cultures in Contact: Studies in Cross-Cultural Interaction. International Series in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 1, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Brameld, T. (1946). Minority Problems in the Public Schools: A Study of Administrative Policies and Practices in Seven School Systems. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Budd, J. W. (2002). Teaching Labor Relations: Oppor- tunities and Challenges of Using Technology. Journal of Labor Research, 23(3), 355-374.
Butler, C. & Zander, L. (2008). The Business of Teaching and Learning Through Multicultural Teams. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 19(2), 192-218.
Caligiuri, P. & Tarique, I. (2012). Dynamic Cross-Cultural Competencies and Global Leadership Effectiveness. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 612-622.
Chappell, D. S. & Schermerhorn Jr., J. R. (1999). Introducing International Business Experience through Virtual Teamwork. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 10(3-4), 43-59.
Clark, D. N. & Gibb, J. L. (2006). Virtual Team Learning: An Introductory Study of Team Exercise. Journal of Management Education, 30(6), 765-787.
Crittenden, V. & Woodside, A. G. (2007). Building Skills in Thinking: Toward a Pedagogy in Metathinking. Journal of Education for Business, 83(1), 37-43. Recuperado de https://www.academia.edu/15346061/Building_Skills_in_Thinking_Toward_a_Pedagogy_in_ Metathinking?auto=download
Earley, P. C. & Peterson, R. S. (2004). The Elusive Cultural Chameleon: Cultural Intelligence as a New Approach to Intercultural Training for the Global Manager. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 3(1), 100-115.
Eisenberg, J.; Lee, H.-J.; Brück, F.; Brenner, B.; Claes, M.-T.; Mironski, J. & Bell, R. (2013). Can Business Schools Make Students Culturally Competent? Effects of Cross-Cultural Management Courses on Cultural Intelligence. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 12(4), 100-115.
Flammia, M.; Cleary, Y. & Slattery, D. M. (2010). Leadership Roles, Socioemotional Communication Strategies, and Technology Use of Irish and US Students in Virtual Teams. IEEE Transactions of Professional Communication, 53(2), 89-101.
Gavidia, J. V.; Hernández-Mogollón, R. & Baena, C. (2005). Using International Virtual Teams in the Business Classroom. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 16(2), 51-74.
Hammer, M. R. (2011). Additional Cross-Cultural Validity Testing of the Intercultural Development Inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(4), 474-487.
Humes, M. & Reilly, A. H. (2008). Managing Intercultural Teams: The eOrganization Exercise. Journal of Management Education, 32(1), 118-137.
Johnson, J. P.; Lenartowicz, T. & Apud, S. (2006). Cross- Cultural Competence in International Business: Toward a Definition and a Model. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(4), 525-543.
Jonsen, K. & Maznevski, M. L. (2010). Gender Diffe- rences in Leadership-Believing is Seeing: Implications for Managing Diversity. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 29(6), 549-572. Recuperado de http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2013/01/Gender-Differences-In-Leadership-%E2%80%93-Believing-Is-Seeing_Implications-for-Managing-Diversity.pdf
Jurse, M. & Mulej, M. (2011). The Complexities of Business School Alignment with the Emerging Globalization of Business Education. Kybernetes, 40(9-10), 1440-1458.
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Kolb, A. Y. & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning Styles and Learning Spaces: Enhancing Experiential Lear- ning in Higher Education. Academy of Manage- ment Learning and Education, 4(2), 193-212.
Langlois, G. A.; Barrett-Litoff, J. & Ilacqua, J. A. (2003). Transforming Educational and Business Practices in Belarus. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 14(2-3), 41-66.
Leiba-O'Sullivan, S. (1999). The Distinction between Stable and Dynamic Cross-Cultural Competencies: Implications for Expatriate Trainability. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(4), 709-725.
Lipnack, J. & Stamps, J. (2000). Virtual Teams: People Working Across Boundaries with Technology. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Liu, X.; Magjuka, R. J. & Lee, S.-H. (2008). An Examination of the Relationship among Structure, Trust, and Conflict Management Styles in Virtual Teams. Performance Management Quarterly, 21(1), 77-93.
Matveev, A. V. & Nelson, P. E. (2004). Cross Cultural Communication Com- petence and Multicultural Team Performance: Perceptions of American and Russian Managers. International Business Review, 17(5), 520-532.
Maznevski, M. L. & DiStefano, J. J. (2000). Global Leaders are Team Players: Developing Global Learders through Membership in Global Teams. Human Resource Management, 39(2-3), 195-208.
McCall Jr., M. W. & Hollenbeck, G. P. (2002). Developing Global Executives: The Lessons of International Experience. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation.
Mintzberg, H. & Gosling, J. (2002). Educating Managers beyond Borders. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 1(1), 64-78.
Oddou, G.; Mendenhall, M. E. & Ritchie, J. B. (2000). Leveraging Travel as a Tool for Global Leadership Development. Human Resource Development, 39(2-3), 159-172.
Rehg, M. T.; Gundlach, M. J. & Grigorian, R. A. (2012). Examining the Influence of Cross-Cultural Training on Cultural Intelligence and Specific Self-Efficacy. Cross-Cultural Management: An International Jour- nal, 19(2), 215-232.
Sherif, M.; Harvey, O. J.; White, B. J.; Hood, W. & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. Norman, Oklahoma: University Book Exchange.
Sutanto, J.; Kankanhalli, A. & Tan, B. C. (2011). Deriving IT-Mediated Task Coordination Portfolios for Global Virtual Teams. IEEE Transactions of Professional Communication, 54(2), 133-151.
Taras, V.; Caprar, D. V.; Rottig, D.; Sarala, R. M.; Zakaria, N.; Zhao, F.; Jimé- nez, A.; Wankel, C.; Lei, W. S.; Minor, M. S.; Bryla, P.; Ordeñana, X.; Bode, A.; Schuster, A.; Vaiginiene, E.; Froese, F. J.; Bathula, H.; Yajnik, N.; Baldegger, R.; Huang, V. Z., Taras, V.; Caprar, D. V.; Rottig, D.; Sarala, R. M.; Zakaria, N.; Zhao, F. & Huang, V. Z. (2013). A Global Classroom? Evaluating the Effectiveness of Global Virtual Collaboration as a Teaching Tool in Management Education. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 12(3), 414-435.
Tonks, D. (2002). Using Marketing Simulations for Teaching and Learning. Reflections on an Evolution. Active Learning in Higher Education, 3(2), 177-194.
Vogel, J. J.; Greenwood-Ericksen, A.; Cannon-Bowers, J. & Bowers, C. A. (2006). Using Virtual Reality with and without Gaming Attributes for Academic Achievement. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39(1), 105-118.
How to Cite
Zwerg-Villegas, A. M., & Martínez-Díaz, J. H. (2016). Experiential Learning with Global Virtual Teams: Developing Intercultural and Virtual Competencies. Magis, Revista Internacional De Investigación En Educación, 9(18), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.m9-18.elgv
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