Liderazgo universitario: un análisis cualitativo del estilo de liderazgo de rectores
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jul 31, 2022
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Para mejorar la comprensión sobre la dirección de las universidades, el presente estudio analiza el estilo de liderazgo de los rectores, tomando en cuenta factores individuales, características organizacionales y características de la sociedad en la cual están inmersas.El análisis cualitativo se realizó con rectores de universidades mexicanas. Los resultados demostraron que, debido a la naturaleza ecléctica de la universidad, los numerosos objetivos, el perfil altamente profesionalizado de sus miembros, la creciente complejidad de la organización y el entorno y las incertidumbres resultantes, los rectores combinan estrategias de liderazgo transformacional y transaccional, y solo adquieren un rol pasivo en situaciones específicas.
Keywords
México, liderazgo, universidad, psicología, sociologíaMéxico, leadership, universities, psychology, sociology
References
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Antonakis, J., & House, R. J. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformational-transactional leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 746-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.04.005
Badillo Vega, R. (2018). Präsidiale Führungsstile in Hochschulen: Vom Wandel zur Transformation. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH; Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19817-6
Badillo-Vega, R., Krücken, G. & Pineda, P. (2021) Changing analytical levels and methods of leadership research on university presidents. Studies in Higher Education, 46(4) 677-689. 10.1080/03075079.2019.1647417
Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redun- dancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.006
Bargh, C., Bocock, J., Scott, P., & Smith, D. (2000). University leadership: the role of the chief excutive. Society for Research into Higher Education.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. SAGE Publications.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership (2.a ed.). L. Erlbaum Associates.
Bensimon, E. M., Neumann, A., & Birnbaum, R. (1989). Making Sense of Admin- istrative Leadership: The “L” Word in Higher Education. School of Education and Human Development, The University.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge (reprint). Anchor Books.
Bryman, A. (2007). Effective leadership in higher education: A literature review. Studies in Higher Education, 32(6), 693-710. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070701685114
Buch, R., Martinsen, Ø. L., & Kuvaas, B. (2014). The Destructiveness of Laissez- Faire Leadership Behavior: The Mediating Role of Economic Leader–Member Exchange Relationships. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 22(1), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813515302
Buche, A. & Carstensen, J. (2009). Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Ein Überblick. En P. Kriwy & C. Gross (Eds.), Klein aber fein! (pp. 65-92). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Buendía Espinosa, A. & Pérez Díaz, A.B. (2018). Análsisi del sistema universitario mexicano: Perfil institucional, datos e indicadores. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
Chaffee, E. E. (1984). Successful Strategic Management in Small Private Colleges. The Journal of Higher Education, 55(2), 212-241.
Clark, B. R. (1998). Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: organizational pathways of transformation (3.a ed.). Pergamon.
Cohen, M. D., & March, J. G. (1974). Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President. Harvard Business School Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2010). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2.a ed.). SAGE.
Deinert, A., Homan, A. C., Boer, D., Voelpel, S. C., & Gutermann, D. (2015). Transformational leadership sub-dimensions and their link to leaders’ personality and performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(6), 1095-1120. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.001
Dóci, E., & Hofmans, J. (2015). Task complexity and transformational leadership: The mediating role of leaders’ state core self-evaluations. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(3), 436-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.02.008
Engwall, L., Levay, C., & Lidman, R. (1999). The Roles of University and College Rectors. Higher Education Management, 11(2), 75-93.
Erickson, M., Hanna, P., & Walker, C. (2020). The UK higher education senior management survey: a statactivist response to managerialist governance. Studies in Higher Education, 7(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1712693
Goodwin, V. L., Wofford, J. C., & Whittington, J. L. (2001). A theoretical and empirical extension to the transformational leadership construct. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(7), 759-774. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.111
Graham, S. W., & Donaldson, J. F. (2019). Academic leaders’ response to the volatility of higher education: the influence of institutional logics. Studies in Higher Education, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1586867
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publ.
Hüther, O., & Krücken, G. (2018). Higher Education in Germany—Recent Developments in an International Perspective (vol. 49). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61479-3
Jäckle, S. (2015). QCA. En A. Hildebrandt, S. Jäckle, F. Wolf & A. Heindl (Eds.), Methodologie, Methoden, Forschungsdesign (pp.191-214). Springer Fach- medien Wiesbaden.
Kent, R. (1993). Higher education in Mexico: From unregulated expansion to evaluation. Higher Education, 25, 73-83.
Kerr, S., & Jermier, J. M. (1978). Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 22(3), 375-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(78)90023-5
Kezar, A., & Eckel, P. D. (2008). Advancing diversity agendas on campus: Ex- amining transactional and transformational presidential leadership styles. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 11(4), 379–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120802317891
Kezar, A., Eckel, P. D., Contreras-McGavin, M., & Quaye, S. J. (2008). Creating a web of support: an important leadership strategy for advancing campus diversity. Higher Education, 55(1), 69-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9068-2
Kleimann, B. (2018). (German) Universities as multiple hybrid organizations. High- er Education, 77(6), 1085-1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0321-7
Krücken, G. (2014). Higher education reforms and unintended consequences: A research agenda. Studies in Higher Education, 39(8), 1439-1450.
Krücken, G., & Meier, F. (2006). Turning the University into an Organizational Actor. En G. S. Drori, J. W. Meyer, & H. Hwang (Eds.), Globalization and or- ganization: World society and organizational change (pp. 241-257). Oxford University Press.
Levy, D. C. (1985). Latin America’s Private Universities: How Successful Are They? Comparative Education Review. Comparative Education Review, 29(4), 440-459.
Liu, L., Hong, X., Wen, W., Xie, Z., & Coates, H. (2020). Global university president leadership characteristics and dynamics. Studies in Higher Education, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1823639
López Zárate, R. (2007). Four trajectories of rectors in Mexican public universities. Comparative Education Review, 54(6), 795–817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-006-9025-5
López Zárate, R. (2010). Los rectores de las universidades públicas. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 15(46), 969-974.
Luhmann, N. (1964). Funktionen und Folgen formaler Organisation. Schriftenreihe der Hochschule Speyer (vol 20). Berlin Duncker Humblot.
Mayring, P. (2010). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken (Studium Pa). Beltz.
Meyer, J. W. (2009). Globalization and the expansion and standardization of management. En G. Krücken & G. S. Drori (Eds.), World society: The writings of John W. Meyer (pp. 251-260). Oxford University Press.
Moreno-Socorro, E. C., & Urquiza, R. de A. (2020). Evaluación del liderazgo de los directivos de la educación superior cubana: un procedimiento metodológico. Revista Cubana De Educación Superior, 39(1).
Musselin, C. (2007). Are universities specific organisations? En G. Krücken, M. Torka, & A. Kosmützky (Eds.), Towards a multiversity?: Universities between global trends and national traditions (pp. 65-84). Piscataway, NJ: Transcript.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7.a ed). SAGE.
Sloper, D. W. (1985). A social characteristics profile of Australian vice-chancellors. Higher Education, 14(4), 335-386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136511
Tierney, W. G. (1989). Symbolism and Presidential Perceptions of Leadership. The Review of Higher Education, 12(2), 153-166. 10.1353/rhe.1989.0027
Tolliver, D., & Murry, J. (2017). Management skills for the contemporary college president: a critical review. Journal of Research on the College President, 1(3), 9-17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54119/jrcp.2017.102
Vinger, G., & Cilliers, F. (2006). Effective Transformational Leadership Behaviours for Managing Change. Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(2), 1-9.
Waldman, D. A., Siegel, D. S., & Javidan, M. (2006). Components of CEO Transformational Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Management Studies, 43(8), 1703–1725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00642.x
Weber, M. (1925). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (2., verm A). Mohr. Yukl, G. A. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7.a ed.). Pearson.
Yukl, G. A. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7.a ed.). Pearson.
Antonakis, J., & House, R. J. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformational-transactional leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 746-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.04.005
Badillo Vega, R. (2018). Präsidiale Führungsstile in Hochschulen: Vom Wandel zur Transformation. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH; Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19817-6
Badillo-Vega, R., Krücken, G. & Pineda, P. (2021) Changing analytical levels and methods of leadership research on university presidents. Studies in Higher Education, 46(4) 677-689. 10.1080/03075079.2019.1647417
Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redun- dancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.006
Bargh, C., Bocock, J., Scott, P., & Smith, D. (2000). University leadership: the role of the chief excutive. Society for Research into Higher Education.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. SAGE Publications.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership (2.a ed.). L. Erlbaum Associates.
Bensimon, E. M., Neumann, A., & Birnbaum, R. (1989). Making Sense of Admin- istrative Leadership: The “L” Word in Higher Education. School of Education and Human Development, The University.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge (reprint). Anchor Books.
Bryman, A. (2007). Effective leadership in higher education: A literature review. Studies in Higher Education, 32(6), 693-710. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070701685114
Buch, R., Martinsen, Ø. L., & Kuvaas, B. (2014). The Destructiveness of Laissez- Faire Leadership Behavior: The Mediating Role of Economic Leader–Member Exchange Relationships. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 22(1), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813515302
Buche, A. & Carstensen, J. (2009). Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Ein Überblick. En P. Kriwy & C. Gross (Eds.), Klein aber fein! (pp. 65-92). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Buendía Espinosa, A. & Pérez Díaz, A.B. (2018). Análsisi del sistema universitario mexicano: Perfil institucional, datos e indicadores. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
Chaffee, E. E. (1984). Successful Strategic Management in Small Private Colleges. The Journal of Higher Education, 55(2), 212-241.
Clark, B. R. (1998). Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: organizational pathways of transformation (3.a ed.). Pergamon.
Cohen, M. D., & March, J. G. (1974). Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President. Harvard Business School Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2010). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2.a ed.). SAGE.
Deinert, A., Homan, A. C., Boer, D., Voelpel, S. C., & Gutermann, D. (2015). Transformational leadership sub-dimensions and their link to leaders’ personality and performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(6), 1095-1120. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.001
Dóci, E., & Hofmans, J. (2015). Task complexity and transformational leadership: The mediating role of leaders’ state core self-evaluations. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(3), 436-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.02.008
Engwall, L., Levay, C., & Lidman, R. (1999). The Roles of University and College Rectors. Higher Education Management, 11(2), 75-93.
Erickson, M., Hanna, P., & Walker, C. (2020). The UK higher education senior management survey: a statactivist response to managerialist governance. Studies in Higher Education, 7(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1712693
Goodwin, V. L., Wofford, J. C., & Whittington, J. L. (2001). A theoretical and empirical extension to the transformational leadership construct. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(7), 759-774. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.111
Graham, S. W., & Donaldson, J. F. (2019). Academic leaders’ response to the volatility of higher education: the influence of institutional logics. Studies in Higher Education, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1586867
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publ.
Hüther, O., & Krücken, G. (2018). Higher Education in Germany—Recent Developments in an International Perspective (vol. 49). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61479-3
Jäckle, S. (2015). QCA. En A. Hildebrandt, S. Jäckle, F. Wolf & A. Heindl (Eds.), Methodologie, Methoden, Forschungsdesign (pp.191-214). Springer Fach- medien Wiesbaden.
Kent, R. (1993). Higher education in Mexico: From unregulated expansion to evaluation. Higher Education, 25, 73-83.
Kerr, S., & Jermier, J. M. (1978). Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 22(3), 375-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(78)90023-5
Kezar, A., & Eckel, P. D. (2008). Advancing diversity agendas on campus: Ex- amining transactional and transformational presidential leadership styles. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 11(4), 379–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120802317891
Kezar, A., Eckel, P. D., Contreras-McGavin, M., & Quaye, S. J. (2008). Creating a web of support: an important leadership strategy for advancing campus diversity. Higher Education, 55(1), 69-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9068-2
Kleimann, B. (2018). (German) Universities as multiple hybrid organizations. High- er Education, 77(6), 1085-1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0321-7
Krücken, G. (2014). Higher education reforms and unintended consequences: A research agenda. Studies in Higher Education, 39(8), 1439-1450.
Krücken, G., & Meier, F. (2006). Turning the University into an Organizational Actor. En G. S. Drori, J. W. Meyer, & H. Hwang (Eds.), Globalization and or- ganization: World society and organizational change (pp. 241-257). Oxford University Press.
Levy, D. C. (1985). Latin America’s Private Universities: How Successful Are They? Comparative Education Review. Comparative Education Review, 29(4), 440-459.
Liu, L., Hong, X., Wen, W., Xie, Z., & Coates, H. (2020). Global university president leadership characteristics and dynamics. Studies in Higher Education, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1823639
López Zárate, R. (2007). Four trajectories of rectors in Mexican public universities. Comparative Education Review, 54(6), 795–817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-006-9025-5
López Zárate, R. (2010). Los rectores de las universidades públicas. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 15(46), 969-974.
Luhmann, N. (1964). Funktionen und Folgen formaler Organisation. Schriftenreihe der Hochschule Speyer (vol 20). Berlin Duncker Humblot.
Mayring, P. (2010). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken (Studium Pa). Beltz.
Meyer, J. W. (2009). Globalization and the expansion and standardization of management. En G. Krücken & G. S. Drori (Eds.), World society: The writings of John W. Meyer (pp. 251-260). Oxford University Press.
Moreno-Socorro, E. C., & Urquiza, R. de A. (2020). Evaluación del liderazgo de los directivos de la educación superior cubana: un procedimiento metodológico. Revista Cubana De Educación Superior, 39(1).
Musselin, C. (2007). Are universities specific organisations? En G. Krücken, M. Torka, & A. Kosmützky (Eds.), Towards a multiversity?: Universities between global trends and national traditions (pp. 65-84). Piscataway, NJ: Transcript.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7.a ed). SAGE.
Sloper, D. W. (1985). A social characteristics profile of Australian vice-chancellors. Higher Education, 14(4), 335-386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136511
Tierney, W. G. (1989). Symbolism and Presidential Perceptions of Leadership. The Review of Higher Education, 12(2), 153-166. 10.1353/rhe.1989.0027
Tolliver, D., & Murry, J. (2017). Management skills for the contemporary college president: a critical review. Journal of Research on the College President, 1(3), 9-17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54119/jrcp.2017.102
Vinger, G., & Cilliers, F. (2006). Effective Transformational Leadership Behaviours for Managing Change. Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(2), 1-9.
Waldman, D. A., Siegel, D. S., & Javidan, M. (2006). Components of CEO Transformational Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Management Studies, 43(8), 1703–1725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00642.x
Weber, M. (1925). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (2., verm A). Mohr. Yukl, G. A. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7.a ed.). Pearson.
Yukl, G. A. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7.a ed.). Pearson.
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Badillo-Vega, R. (2022). Liderazgo universitario: un análisis cualitativo del estilo de liderazgo de rectores. Magis, Revista Internacional De Investigación En Educación, 15, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.m15.luac
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