Keywords
periodontics
chronic periodontitis
diabetes
modifiable risk factor
non-modifiable risk factor
risk factor
periodontitis
smoking
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Dental-plaque associated chronic periodontitis is influenced by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that must be addressed through preventive and corrective treatment. Purpose: To analyze available evidence on modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of chronic periodontitis in order to write clinical management guidelines. Methods: A systematic search of literature was conducted in three databases (PubMed, LiLACS, and Embase) using the following combination of terms from the Medical Subject Headings: “risk indicator OR risk factor AND chronic periodontitis.” Other articles and gray literature were search in Google Scholar. The search included cross-sectional, cohort, and case control studies, controlled clinical trials, and general and systematic literature reviews. A narrative review was conducted with the most relevant articles found. Results: 39 articles met the search criteria. Modifiable risk factors found were: non-controlled diabetes, obesity, stress, smoking, and dental plaque. Non-modifiable factors were: hormonal changes, HIV infection, neutropenia, age, sex, race, and genetics. Besides dental plaque, the two most frequently associated factors were diabetes and smoking. Conclusion: The treatment of chronic periodontitis must focus, in addition to controlling dental plaque, on early detection prevention and risk-factor control to avoid the occurrence and advance of this type of disease.
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