Consumption of Iron Supplements, based on the Structures of the Health Belief Model, in Children Aged 6 to 24 Months in the Southeast of Iran
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feb 19, 2024
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Seyedeh Shirin Lotfipur Rafsanjani
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-9856
Mahdieh Masoomi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-2226
Fatemeh Askari
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-5753
Mahdi Abdolkarimi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2821
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-9856
Mahdieh Masoomi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-2226
Fatemeh Askari
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-5753
Mahdi Abdolkarimi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2821
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Resumen
Objective: Iron deficiency is one of the common problems during infancy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of iron supplement consumption and the factors affecting it based on the constructs of the health belief model. Methodology: In this descriptive study, 402 mothers of children aged 6-12 months were selected using multi-stage random sampling. The status of mothers' performance regarding the provision of iron supplements and the status of health belief model constructs were evaluated using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression tests. Results: the present study showed that despite the state of proper awareness, the score of Consumption of iron supplements behavior was not favorable. So that 62.7% had reported a low performance. Pearson correlation test showed that only the perceived susceptibility score did not show significant relationship with the behavior (p = 0.174) The regression results showed that the variables included in the regression model, explained a total of 24.1% of the variance of the change in the behavior score (Adjusted R2 = 0.241). Conclusion: Considering the unfavorable situation of iron supplementation behavior in infants, the use of health belief theory constructs can be effective in persuading mothers. Community health nurses can be more successful in improving this index by providing educational intervention based on the structures of this model, especially helping to remove the barriers perceived by mothers.
Keywords
deficiencia de hierro, modelo de creencias sobre salud, bebé, madresiron-deficiency, health belief model, infant, mothersdeficiência de ferro, modelo de crenças em saúde, bebê, mães
References
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Nursing. 2016;6(4):342. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2016.64036
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11. Ngimbudzi E, Lukumay A, Muriithi A, Dhamani K, Petrucka P. Mothers’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices on causes and prevention of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months: a case study at Mkuranga District Hospital, Tanzania. Open J Nursing. 2016;6:342-52. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2016.64036
12. Mirzei H, Shojaeizadeh D, Tol A, Ghasemi ghale ghasemi S, Shirzad M. Application of Health Belief Model (HBM) to promote preventive behaviors against irondeficiency anemia among female students of high school Fereydan City: a quasi-experimental study.Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2018;5(4):260-9. https://doi.org/10.30699/acadpub.ijhehp.5.4.260
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16. Raeis M, Alidosti M, Raeisi Dehkordi Z, Saeli MJ, Mahmoudi MT. Survey of mother's behavior based on health belief model on using iron complementation in children 6 to 24 months in Shahrekord city. J Res Med Sci [Internet]. 2014;38(2):120-5. Available from: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-1342-en.html
17. Mansourian M, Qorbani M, Rahimzadeh Bazraki H, Charkazi R, Asayesh H, Rastgari Mehr B, Rezapoor
A. Effect of nutritional education based on HBM model on anemia in Golestan girl guidance school students. J Health Educ Health Prom [Internet]. 2014;1(2):51. Available from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-88-en.html
18. Abbasi Shavazi M, Rahaei Z, Rashidian Maybodi SH, Salehi Abargouei A. Predictors of iron supplement consumption in high school girls: an application of the health promotion model. J Educ Comm Health. 2019;6(2):79-85. https://doi.org/10.29252/jech.6.2.79
19. Turawa E, Awotiwon O, Dhansay MA, Cois A, Labadarios D, Bradshaw D, Pillay-van Wyk V. Prevalence of anaemia, iron deficiency, and iron
deficiency anaemia in women of reproductive age and children under 5 years of age in South Africa
(1997-2021): a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):12799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312799
20. Abdinia, B. Maternal knowledge and performance about use of iron and multivitamin supplements in children in northwest of Iran. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2(2.2):119-23. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2438
21. Saeidi M, Vakili R, Khakshour A, Taghizadeh Moghaddam H, Kiani MA. Iron and multivitamin supplements in children and its association
with growth rate. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2(2.1):21. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2475
22. Nagata JM, Gatti LR, Barg FK. Social determinants of iron supplementation among women of reproductive age: a systematic review of qualitative data. Matern Child Nutr. 2012;8(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00338.x
23. Sharma H, Singh SK, Srivastava S. Socio-economic inequality and spatial heterogeneity in anaemia among children in India: evidence
from NFHS-4 (2015–16). Clin Epidemiol Global Health. 2020 Dec 1;8(4):1158-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.04.009
24. Arastoo S, Soleymani A, Toloee A, Ahmadi Shadmehri M. Mothers’ knowledge and practice towards the
effects of iron supplementation on tooth staining and dental caries in Yazd, Iran. J Dent Mater Tech. 2020;9(1):21-6. https://doi.org/10.22038/jdmt.2020.44088.1319
25. FesharakiNia A, SharifZadeh G. Effective factors on mothers' performance regarding supplementary
iron-drop taking by their children in Birjand. J Birjand Uni Med Sci [Internet]. 2006;13(3):9-15. Available from: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.html
26. Powers JM, Nagel M, Raphael JL, Mahoney DH, Buchanan GR, Thompson DI. Barriers to and facilitators of iron therapy in children with iron deficiency anemia. J Pediatr. 2020;219:202-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.040
27. Powers JM, Daniel CL, McCavit TL, Buchanan GR. Deficiencies in the management of iron deficiency anemia during childhood. Pediatr
Blood Cancer. 2016;63:743–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25861
28. Salama AM. Utilizing health belief model to enhance the preventive behavior against irondeficiency anemia among pregnant women. IOSR J Nurs Health Sci. 2018;7:59-69. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0704015969
2. McLean E, Cogswell M, Egli I, Wojdyla D, de Benoist B. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO vitamin and mineral nutrition information system, 1993-2005. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12(4):444–54. https://doi.org/10 .1017/S1368980008002401
3. Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Noori M, Nejadghaderi SA, Karamzad N, Bragazzi NL, Sullman MJ, Abdollahi M, Collins GS, Kaufman JS, Grieger JA. Burden of anemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Journal Hematology Oncol. 2021;14(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-021-01202-2
4. Ngimbudzi EB, Lukumay AM, Muriithi AW, Dhamani KA, Petrucka PM. Mothers’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices on causes and prevention of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months: a case study at Mkuranga District Hospital, Tanzania. Open Journal of
Nursing. 2016;6(4):342. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2016.64036
5. Adham D, Abazari M, Abbasgholizadeh N, Mirzazadeh A,Tahmoresi M. A survey of iron supplementation consumption and its related factors in children aged 6-24 months: a case study in Ardabil City. Journal of Health [Internet]. 2017;8(1):20-26. Available from: https://healthjournal.arums.ac.ir/article-1-1158-en.html
6. Larijani N, Khorsandi M, Ranjbaran M, Nakhjavani N. Prediction of iron deficiency anemia preventive behaviors of children by rural
women city of Babol: application of health belief model. Pajouhan Sci J.2016;14:48-58. https://doi.org/10.21859/psj-140448
7. Huang Z, Jiang FX, Li J, Jiang D, Xiao TG, Zeng JH. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among children aged 6–23 months in Huaihua,
Hunan Province. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:1-1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6207-x
8. Riahi M, Mozafar Saadati H, Mohammadi M, Soleimani F. The prevalence of anemia in children
aged 6 to 12 months: a populationbased study. Tehran Univ Med J.2019;77(4):228-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2019.08.007
9. Hassan TH, Badr MA, Karam NA, Zkaria M, El Saadany HF, Rahman DM, Shahbah DA, Al Morshedy SM, Fathy M, Esh AM, Selim AM. Impact of iron deficiency anemia on the function of the immune system in children. Medicine. 2016;95(47):e5395. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005395
10. Mekonnen A, Alemnew W, Abebe Z, Demissie GD. Adherence to iron with folic acid supplementation among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health centers in Simada District, Northwest Ethiopia: using health belief model perspective. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021;15:843-51. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S299294
11. Ngimbudzi E, Lukumay A, Muriithi A, Dhamani K, Petrucka P. Mothers’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices on causes and prevention of anaemia in children aged 6-59 months: a case study at Mkuranga District Hospital, Tanzania. Open J Nursing. 2016;6:342-52. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2016.64036
12. Mirzei H, Shojaeizadeh D, Tol A, Ghasemi ghale ghasemi S, Shirzad M. Application of Health Belief Model (HBM) to promote preventive behaviors against irondeficiency anemia among female students of high school Fereydan City: a quasi-experimental study.Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2018;5(4):260-9. https://doi.org/10.30699/acadpub.ijhehp.5.4.260
13. Low M, Farrell A, Biggs BA, Pasricha SR. Effects of daily iron supplementation in primary-school aged children: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ. 2013;185:E791-802. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.130628
14. World Health Organization. Guideline: daily iron supplementation in infants and children. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016.
15. Safari Moradabadi A, Madani A, Mohsenizadeh M, Rasti R, Dadipoor S. Investigating the awareness and performance of mothers of 6-24 months infants in using iron supplementation in 2013. J Prevent Med [Internet]. 2014;1(2):31-37. Available from: http://jpm.hums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html
16. Raeis M, Alidosti M, Raeisi Dehkordi Z, Saeli MJ, Mahmoudi MT. Survey of mother's behavior based on health belief model on using iron complementation in children 6 to 24 months in Shahrekord city. J Res Med Sci [Internet]. 2014;38(2):120-5. Available from: http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-1342-en.html
17. Mansourian M, Qorbani M, Rahimzadeh Bazraki H, Charkazi R, Asayesh H, Rastgari Mehr B, Rezapoor
A. Effect of nutritional education based on HBM model on anemia in Golestan girl guidance school students. J Health Educ Health Prom [Internet]. 2014;1(2):51. Available from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-88-en.html
18. Abbasi Shavazi M, Rahaei Z, Rashidian Maybodi SH, Salehi Abargouei A. Predictors of iron supplement consumption in high school girls: an application of the health promotion model. J Educ Comm Health. 2019;6(2):79-85. https://doi.org/10.29252/jech.6.2.79
19. Turawa E, Awotiwon O, Dhansay MA, Cois A, Labadarios D, Bradshaw D, Pillay-van Wyk V. Prevalence of anaemia, iron deficiency, and iron
deficiency anaemia in women of reproductive age and children under 5 years of age in South Africa
(1997-2021): a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23):12799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312799
20. Abdinia, B. Maternal knowledge and performance about use of iron and multivitamin supplements in children in northwest of Iran. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2(2.2):119-23. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2438
21. Saeidi M, Vakili R, Khakshour A, Taghizadeh Moghaddam H, Kiani MA. Iron and multivitamin supplements in children and its association
with growth rate. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2(2.1):21. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2475
22. Nagata JM, Gatti LR, Barg FK. Social determinants of iron supplementation among women of reproductive age: a systematic review of qualitative data. Matern Child Nutr. 2012;8(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00338.x
23. Sharma H, Singh SK, Srivastava S. Socio-economic inequality and spatial heterogeneity in anaemia among children in India: evidence
from NFHS-4 (2015–16). Clin Epidemiol Global Health. 2020 Dec 1;8(4):1158-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.04.009
24. Arastoo S, Soleymani A, Toloee A, Ahmadi Shadmehri M. Mothers’ knowledge and practice towards the
effects of iron supplementation on tooth staining and dental caries in Yazd, Iran. J Dent Mater Tech. 2020;9(1):21-6. https://doi.org/10.22038/jdmt.2020.44088.1319
25. FesharakiNia A, SharifZadeh G. Effective factors on mothers' performance regarding supplementary
iron-drop taking by their children in Birjand. J Birjand Uni Med Sci [Internet]. 2006;13(3):9-15. Available from: http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.html
26. Powers JM, Nagel M, Raphael JL, Mahoney DH, Buchanan GR, Thompson DI. Barriers to and facilitators of iron therapy in children with iron deficiency anemia. J Pediatr. 2020;219:202-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.040
27. Powers JM, Daniel CL, McCavit TL, Buchanan GR. Deficiencies in the management of iron deficiency anemia during childhood. Pediatr
Blood Cancer. 2016;63:743–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25861
28. Salama AM. Utilizing health belief model to enhance the preventive behavior against irondeficiency anemia among pregnant women. IOSR J Nurs Health Sci. 2018;7:59-69. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0704015969
Cómo citar
Lotfipur Rafsanjani, S. S., Masoomi, M., Askari, F., & Abdolkarimi, M. (2024). Consumption of Iron Supplements, based on the Structures of the Health Belief Model, in Children Aged 6 to 24 Months in the Southeast of Iran. Universitas Medica, 65. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed65.cshe
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