Relación entre índice de masa corporal, colesterol LDL y control de diabetes en población indígena

Abstract

Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting various populations, presenting unique challenges due to genetic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol levels are critical factors in diabetes management, but there is a lack of studies in indigenous populations. Objective To determine the relationship between BMI, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol levels with diabetes control in indigenous patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on indigenous patients with diabetes treated at the MALLAMAS indigenous IPS between 2020 and 2024. Data were collected on BMI, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol levels, and HbA1c. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were used. Results A total of 609 patients were included, of whom 38.95% were men. Each additional unit in BMI was associated with a 6.7% reduction in the odds of having HbA1c > 7% (OR = 0.933, 95% CI: 0.885-0.984). Patients with poorer diabetes control had higher systolic (p = 0.0356) and diastolic (p = 0.0004) blood pressure values. Uncontrolled hypertension was associated with poorer diabetes control (p = 0.022). Discussion Uncontrolled hypertension is significantly associated with poorer glycemic control in indigenous patients. A reduction in BMI showed an improvement in HbA1c levels. No significant association was found for LDL cholesterol, suggesting that other factors may influence this population more.