Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Review of the Literature COPD and Periodontal Disease
Published
May 7, 2020
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Sandra Milena Moreno Correa
Andrés Felipe Bolaños
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-0210
Juan José Jaramillo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-9278
Alexandra Jimenez
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-9587
Freddy Moreno
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-9417
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-0210
Juan José Jaramillo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-9278
Alexandra Jimenez
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-9587
Freddy Moreno
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-9417
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Abstract
Introduction: Periodontal disease affects the supporting tissues of the tooth generating a chronic inflammatory manifestation triggered mainly by bacteria included in an oral biofilm, which can migrate to other tissues of the body, the airways being a susceptible target. Objective: To determine if there is a cause-effect relationship between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as reported in the literature in the last 20 years. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of the literature was performed in Medline (through the PubMed search engine) using the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration with the help of the referred keywords. Results: 49 publications were reviewed between 1998 and 2018. The largest number corresponded to the year 2013. The most frequent type of publication was descriptive studies (41%), followed by cases and controls (29%), reviews of the literature (18%), retrospective cohort studies (10%) and meta-analysis (2%). Of the total number of publications, 94% report that there is a relationship between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while 6% deny such association. Conclusion: There is an association between the two diseases, although the evidence is insufficient to establish a cause-effect relationship, it can be suggested that periodontal disease is a risk indicator for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and vice versa, since a two-way relationship is suggested.
Keywords
periodontal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammation, bacteremia.periodontitis, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, inflamación, bacteremia.doença periodontal, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, inflamação, bacteremia.
References
1. Parashar P, Parashar A, Saraswat N, Pani P, Pani N, Joshi S. Relationship between respiratory and periodontal health in adults: A case-control study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018;8(6):560-4.
2. Moreno S, Contreras A. Mecanismos moleculares implicados en la destrucción ósea en la periodontitis: Revisión de la literatura. Clin Rev Clin Periodoncia Implantol Rehabil Oral. 2013;6(3):142-7.
3. Moreno S, Contreras A. Factores de virulencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis. Rev Funda Carraro. 2013;37:16-27.
4. Shewale A, Gattani R, Bhatia N, Mahajan R, Saravanan S. Prevalence of periodontal disease in the general population of India - A systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(6):ZE04-9.
5. Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang N. Periodontología clínica e implantología odontológica. Médica Panamericana; Buenos Aires: 2009.
6. Tejada P, Munayco A, Cortez M. Periodontal disease as a risk factor to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Kiru. 2005;2(2):66-73.
7. Moreno S, Jaramillo A, Parra B, Botero J, Contreras A. Porphyromonas gingivalis Fim-A genotype distribution among Colombians. Colomb Med. 2015;46(3):122-27.
8. Takahashi T, Muro S, Tanabe S, Terada K, Kiyokawa H, Sato S et al. Relationship between periodontitis-related antibody and frequent exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40570.
9. Madalli R, Kheur S, Reddy M, Kheur M, Mahalle A. Assessment of role of Porphyromonas gingivalis as an aggravating factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with periodontitis. Dent Hypotheses. 2016;7(3):100-6.
10. Liberati A, Altman D, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Loannidis J et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100.
11. Winning L, Patterson C., Cullen K, Kee F, Linden G. Chronic periodontitis and reduced respiratory function. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;46(3):266-75.
12. Tan L, Tang X, Pan C, Wang H, Pan Y. Relationship among clinical periodontal, microbiologic parameters and lung function in participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Periodontol. 2018;90(2):134-40.
13. Harland J, Furuta M, Takeuchi K, Tanaka S, Yamashita, Y. Periodontitis modifies the association between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japanese men. J Oral Sci. 2018;60(2):226-31.
14. Parashar P, Parashar A, Saraswat N, Pani P, Pani N, Joshi S. Relationship between respiratory and periodontal health in adults: A case-control study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2019;8(6):560-4.
15. Fernández R, Olmedo D, Martínez D, González H, Casa G, García C. Días de estancia hospitalaria (DEH) en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias (ER) y enfermedad periodontal (EP). Gac Med Mex. 2017;153(1):31-5.
16. Muthu J, Muthanandam S, Mahendra J. Mouth the mirror of lungs: Where does the connection lie? Front. Med. 2016;10(4):405-9.
17. Shen T, Chang P, Lin C, Chen C, Tu C, Hsia T et al. Periodontal treatment reduces risk of adverse respiratory events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A propensity-matched cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(20):e3735.
18. Henke C, Budweiser S, Jörres R. Lung function and associations with multiple dimensions of dental health: a prospective observational cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):274.
19. Gómez F, Pérez L, Franklin K, Lindberg E, Bertelsen R, Benediktsdóttir B et al. The association of gum bleeding with respiratory health in a population based study from northern Europe. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147518.
20. Kim S, Han K, Kim S, Park C, Rhee C, Yoon H. The relationship between the number of natural teeth and airflow obstruction: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;11(1):13-21.
21. Shen T, Chang P, Lin C, Chen C, Tu C, Hsia T et al. Risk of periodontal diseases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(46):e2047.
22. Felton D. Complete Edentulism and Comorbid Diseases: An Update. J Prosthodont. 2016;25(1):5-20.
23. Olsen I. From the acta prize lecture 2014: the periodontal-systemic connection seen from a microbiological standpoint. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;73(8):563-8.
24. Devlin J. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Management considerations for the dental team. Br Dent J. 2014; 217(5):235-7.
25. Chrysanthakopoulos N, Chrysanthakopoulos P. Association between indices of clinically-defined periodontitis and self-reported history of systemic medical conditions. J Invest Clin Dent. 2016;7(1):27-36.
26. Scannapieco F. Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be more likely to have more severe periodontal disease than individuals without COPD. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014;14(2):79-81.
27. Zhou X, Han J, Liu Z, Song Y, Wang Z, Sun Z. Effects of periodontal treatment on lung function and exacerbation frequency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic periodontitis: A 2-year pilot randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41(6):564-72.
28. Tan L, Wang H, Li C, Pan Y. 16S rDNA-based metagenomic analysis of dental plaque and lung bacteria in patients with severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Periodont Res. 2014;49(6):760-9.
29. Oztekin G, Baser U, Kucukcoskun M, Tanrikulu S, Ademoglu E, Isik G et al. The association between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case control study. COPD. 2014;11(4):424-30.
30. Vadiraj S, Nayak R, Choudhary G, Kudyar N, Spoorthi B. Periodontal pathogens and respiratory diseases-evaluating their potential association: a clinical and microbiological study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14(4):610-5.
31. Ledic K, Marinkovic S, Puhar I, Spalj S, Popovic G, Ivic K et al. Periodontal disease increases risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Coll Antropol. 2013;37(3):937-42.
32. Usher A, Stockley R. The link between chronic periodontitis and COPD: A common role for the neutrophil? BMC Medicine. 2013;11(1):241-52.
33. Bansal M, Khatri M, Taneja V. Potential role of periodontal infection in respiratory diseases - a review. J Med Life. 2013;6(3):244–8.
34. Barros S, Suruki R, Loewy Z, Beck J, Offenbacher S. A Cohort Study of the Impact of Tooth Loss and Periodontal Disease on Respiratory Events among COPD Subjects: Modulatory Role of Systemic Biomarkers of Inflammation. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e68592.
35. Linden G, Herzberg M; Working group 4 of joint EFP/AAP workshop. Periodontitis and systemic diseases: a record of discussions of working group 4 of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40(14):S20-3.
36. Bergström J, Cederlund K, Dahlén B, Lantz AS, Skedinger M, Palmberg L et al. Dental Health in Smokers with and without COPD. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59492.
37. Peter K, Mute B, Doiphode S, Bardapurkar S, Borkar M, Raje D. Association between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a reality or just a dogma? J Periodontol. 2013;84(12):1717-23.
38. Kucukcoskun M, Baser U, Oztekin G, Kiyan E, Yalcin F. Initial periodontal treatment for prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. J Periodontol. 2013; 84(7):863-70.
39. Zeng X, Tu M, Liu D, Zheng D, Zhang J, Leng W. Periodontal Disease and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46508.
40. Yıldırım E, Kormi I, Başoğlu Ö, Gurgun A, Kaval B, Sorsa T et al. Periodontal health and serum, saliva matrix metalloproteinases in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Periodontal Res. 2013;48(3):269-75.
41. Agado B, Crawford B, DeLaRosa J, Bowen D, Peterson T, Neill K et al. Effects of periodontal instrumentation on quality of life and illness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. J Dent Hyg. 2012; 86(3):204-14.
42. Takahashi T, Muro S, Tanabe N, Terada K, Kiyokawa H, Sato S et al. Relationship between antibodies related to periodontitis and frequent exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One.2012;7(7):e40570.
43. Zhou X, Han J, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang Z. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, oral health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(4):350-6.
44. Si Y, Fan H, Song Y, Zhou X, Zhang J, Wang Z. Association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Chinese population. J Periodontol. 2012;83 (10):1288-96.
45. Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhou X, Zhang L, Song Y et al. Oral hygiene, periodontal health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(1):45-52.
46. Martos R, Márton I. Possible correlations between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Review of the literature. Fogorv Sz. 2011;104(3):87-92.
47. Sharma N, Shamsuddin H. Association between respiratory disease in hospitalized patients and periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontol. 2011;82(8):1155-60.
48. Zhou X, Wang Z, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang C. Periodontal health and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2011;105(1):67-73.
49. Leuckfeld I, Paster BJ, Kristoffersen A, Olsen I. Diversity of Veillonella spp. from subgingival plaque by polyphasic approach. APMIS. 2010;118(3):230-42.
50. Deo V, Bhongade ML, Ansari S, Chavan R. Periodontitis as a potential risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective study. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20(4):466-70.
51. Wang Z, Zhou X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Song Y, Hu FB et al. Periodontal health, oral health behaviours, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36(9):750-5.
52. Leuckfeld I, Obregon-Whittle M, Lund M, Geiran O, Bjørtuft Ø, Olsen I. Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: association with marginal bone loss in periodontitis. Respir Med. 2008;102(4):488-94.
53. Azarpazhooh A, Leake J. Systematic review of the association between respiratory diseases and oral health. J Periodontol. 2006;77(9):1465-82.
54. Kowalski M, Kowalska E, Split M, Split W, Wierzbicka F, Pawlicki L et al. Assessment of periodontal state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Part II. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005;19(112):537-41.
55. Katancik J, Krichevsky S, Weyant R, Corby P, Bretz W, Crapo R et al. Periodontitis and airway obstruction. J Periodontol. 2005; 76(11):2161-7.
56. Hyman J, Reid B. Cigarette smoking, periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Periodontol. 2004;75(1):9-15.
57. Garcia R, Nunn ME, Vokonas PSEpidemiologic associations between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Periodontol. 2001;6(1):71-7.
58. Scannapieco F, Ho A. Potential associations between chronic respiratory disease and periodontal disease: Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. J Periodontol. 2001;72(1):50-6.
59. Hayes C, Sparrow D, Cohen M, Vokonas P, Garcia R. The association between alveolar bone loss and pulmonary function: The VA Dental Longitudinal Study. Ann Periodontol. 1998;3(1):257-61.
2. Moreno S, Contreras A. Mecanismos moleculares implicados en la destrucción ósea en la periodontitis: Revisión de la literatura. Clin Rev Clin Periodoncia Implantol Rehabil Oral. 2013;6(3):142-7.
3. Moreno S, Contreras A. Factores de virulencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis. Rev Funda Carraro. 2013;37:16-27.
4. Shewale A, Gattani R, Bhatia N, Mahajan R, Saravanan S. Prevalence of periodontal disease in the general population of India - A systematic review. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(6):ZE04-9.
5. Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang N. Periodontología clínica e implantología odontológica. Médica Panamericana; Buenos Aires: 2009.
6. Tejada P, Munayco A, Cortez M. Periodontal disease as a risk factor to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Kiru. 2005;2(2):66-73.
7. Moreno S, Jaramillo A, Parra B, Botero J, Contreras A. Porphyromonas gingivalis Fim-A genotype distribution among Colombians. Colomb Med. 2015;46(3):122-27.
8. Takahashi T, Muro S, Tanabe S, Terada K, Kiyokawa H, Sato S et al. Relationship between periodontitis-related antibody and frequent exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40570.
9. Madalli R, Kheur S, Reddy M, Kheur M, Mahalle A. Assessment of role of Porphyromonas gingivalis as an aggravating factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with periodontitis. Dent Hypotheses. 2016;7(3):100-6.
10. Liberati A, Altman D, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Loannidis J et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100.
11. Winning L, Patterson C., Cullen K, Kee F, Linden G. Chronic periodontitis and reduced respiratory function. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;46(3):266-75.
12. Tan L, Tang X, Pan C, Wang H, Pan Y. Relationship among clinical periodontal, microbiologic parameters and lung function in participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Periodontol. 2018;90(2):134-40.
13. Harland J, Furuta M, Takeuchi K, Tanaka S, Yamashita, Y. Periodontitis modifies the association between smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japanese men. J Oral Sci. 2018;60(2):226-31.
14. Parashar P, Parashar A, Saraswat N, Pani P, Pani N, Joshi S. Relationship between respiratory and periodontal health in adults: A case-control study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2019;8(6):560-4.
15. Fernández R, Olmedo D, Martínez D, González H, Casa G, García C. Días de estancia hospitalaria (DEH) en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias (ER) y enfermedad periodontal (EP). Gac Med Mex. 2017;153(1):31-5.
16. Muthu J, Muthanandam S, Mahendra J. Mouth the mirror of lungs: Where does the connection lie? Front. Med. 2016;10(4):405-9.
17. Shen T, Chang P, Lin C, Chen C, Tu C, Hsia T et al. Periodontal treatment reduces risk of adverse respiratory events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A propensity-matched cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(20):e3735.
18. Henke C, Budweiser S, Jörres R. Lung function and associations with multiple dimensions of dental health: a prospective observational cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9(1):274.
19. Gómez F, Pérez L, Franklin K, Lindberg E, Bertelsen R, Benediktsdóttir B et al. The association of gum bleeding with respiratory health in a population based study from northern Europe. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147518.
20. Kim S, Han K, Kim S, Park C, Rhee C, Yoon H. The relationship between the number of natural teeth and airflow obstruction: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;11(1):13-21.
21. Shen T, Chang P, Lin C, Chen C, Tu C, Hsia T et al. Risk of periodontal diseases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(46):e2047.
22. Felton D. Complete Edentulism and Comorbid Diseases: An Update. J Prosthodont. 2016;25(1):5-20.
23. Olsen I. From the acta prize lecture 2014: the periodontal-systemic connection seen from a microbiological standpoint. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;73(8):563-8.
24. Devlin J. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Management considerations for the dental team. Br Dent J. 2014; 217(5):235-7.
25. Chrysanthakopoulos N, Chrysanthakopoulos P. Association between indices of clinically-defined periodontitis and self-reported history of systemic medical conditions. J Invest Clin Dent. 2016;7(1):27-36.
26. Scannapieco F. Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be more likely to have more severe periodontal disease than individuals without COPD. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014;14(2):79-81.
27. Zhou X, Han J, Liu Z, Song Y, Wang Z, Sun Z. Effects of periodontal treatment on lung function and exacerbation frequency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic periodontitis: A 2-year pilot randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2014;41(6):564-72.
28. Tan L, Wang H, Li C, Pan Y. 16S rDNA-based metagenomic analysis of dental plaque and lung bacteria in patients with severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Periodont Res. 2014;49(6):760-9.
29. Oztekin G, Baser U, Kucukcoskun M, Tanrikulu S, Ademoglu E, Isik G et al. The association between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case control study. COPD. 2014;11(4):424-30.
30. Vadiraj S, Nayak R, Choudhary G, Kudyar N, Spoorthi B. Periodontal pathogens and respiratory diseases-evaluating their potential association: a clinical and microbiological study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14(4):610-5.
31. Ledic K, Marinkovic S, Puhar I, Spalj S, Popovic G, Ivic K et al. Periodontal disease increases risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Coll Antropol. 2013;37(3):937-42.
32. Usher A, Stockley R. The link between chronic periodontitis and COPD: A common role for the neutrophil? BMC Medicine. 2013;11(1):241-52.
33. Bansal M, Khatri M, Taneja V. Potential role of periodontal infection in respiratory diseases - a review. J Med Life. 2013;6(3):244–8.
34. Barros S, Suruki R, Loewy Z, Beck J, Offenbacher S. A Cohort Study of the Impact of Tooth Loss and Periodontal Disease on Respiratory Events among COPD Subjects: Modulatory Role of Systemic Biomarkers of Inflammation. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e68592.
35. Linden G, Herzberg M; Working group 4 of joint EFP/AAP workshop. Periodontitis and systemic diseases: a record of discussions of working group 4 of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40(14):S20-3.
36. Bergström J, Cederlund K, Dahlén B, Lantz AS, Skedinger M, Palmberg L et al. Dental Health in Smokers with and without COPD. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59492.
37. Peter K, Mute B, Doiphode S, Bardapurkar S, Borkar M, Raje D. Association between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a reality or just a dogma? J Periodontol. 2013;84(12):1717-23.
38. Kucukcoskun M, Baser U, Oztekin G, Kiyan E, Yalcin F. Initial periodontal treatment for prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. J Periodontol. 2013; 84(7):863-70.
39. Zeng X, Tu M, Liu D, Zheng D, Zhang J, Leng W. Periodontal Disease and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46508.
40. Yıldırım E, Kormi I, Başoğlu Ö, Gurgun A, Kaval B, Sorsa T et al. Periodontal health and serum, saliva matrix metalloproteinases in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Periodontal Res. 2013;48(3):269-75.
41. Agado B, Crawford B, DeLaRosa J, Bowen D, Peterson T, Neill K et al. Effects of periodontal instrumentation on quality of life and illness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. J Dent Hyg. 2012; 86(3):204-14.
42. Takahashi T, Muro S, Tanabe N, Terada K, Kiyokawa H, Sato S et al. Relationship between antibodies related to periodontitis and frequent exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One.2012;7(7):e40570.
43. Zhou X, Han J, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang Z. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, oral health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(4):350-6.
44. Si Y, Fan H, Song Y, Zhou X, Zhang J, Wang Z. Association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Chinese population. J Periodontol. 2012;83 (10):1288-96.
45. Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhou X, Zhang L, Song Y et al. Oral hygiene, periodontal health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(1):45-52.
46. Martos R, Márton I. Possible correlations between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Review of the literature. Fogorv Sz. 2011;104(3):87-92.
47. Sharma N, Shamsuddin H. Association between respiratory disease in hospitalized patients and periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontol. 2011;82(8):1155-60.
48. Zhou X, Wang Z, Song Y, Zhang J, Wang C. Periodontal health and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2011;105(1):67-73.
49. Leuckfeld I, Paster BJ, Kristoffersen A, Olsen I. Diversity of Veillonella spp. from subgingival plaque by polyphasic approach. APMIS. 2010;118(3):230-42.
50. Deo V, Bhongade ML, Ansari S, Chavan R. Periodontitis as a potential risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective study. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20(4):466-70.
51. Wang Z, Zhou X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Song Y, Hu FB et al. Periodontal health, oral health behaviours, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36(9):750-5.
52. Leuckfeld I, Obregon-Whittle M, Lund M, Geiran O, Bjørtuft Ø, Olsen I. Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: association with marginal bone loss in periodontitis. Respir Med. 2008;102(4):488-94.
53. Azarpazhooh A, Leake J. Systematic review of the association between respiratory diseases and oral health. J Periodontol. 2006;77(9):1465-82.
54. Kowalski M, Kowalska E, Split M, Split W, Wierzbicka F, Pawlicki L et al. Assessment of periodontal state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Part II. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005;19(112):537-41.
55. Katancik J, Krichevsky S, Weyant R, Corby P, Bretz W, Crapo R et al. Periodontitis and airway obstruction. J Periodontol. 2005; 76(11):2161-7.
56. Hyman J, Reid B. Cigarette smoking, periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Periodontol. 2004;75(1):9-15.
57. Garcia R, Nunn ME, Vokonas PSEpidemiologic associations between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Periodontol. 2001;6(1):71-7.
58. Scannapieco F, Ho A. Potential associations between chronic respiratory disease and periodontal disease: Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. J Periodontol. 2001;72(1):50-6.
59. Hayes C, Sparrow D, Cohen M, Vokonas P, Garcia R. The association between alveolar bone loss and pulmonary function: The VA Dental Longitudinal Study. Ann Periodontol. 1998;3(1):257-61.
How to Cite
Moreno Correa, S. M., Bolaños, A. F., Jaramillo, J. J., Jimenez, A., & Moreno, F. (2020). Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Review of the Literature: COPD and Periodontal Disease. Universitas Medica, 61(3). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed61-3.epep
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Short Reviews