Lo que las placentas dicen pero nadie quiere escuchar
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sep 5, 2013
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Resumen
Introducción: La placenta tiene la misma información genética que el feto; dentro del útero hace la labor de varios de sus órganos y guarda información sobre la vasculatura de la madre y la del hijo, reacciona contra infecciones y es afectada por las enfermedades maternas y también tiene manifestaciones de las enfermedades fetales.
Objetivo: complementar su estudio con la información necesaria sobre ambos en el posparto, pues ahora, sorprendentemente, puede ayudar a entender trastornos transgeneracionales.
Conclusión: Su rápida revisión y selección en la sala de partos define la ruta de las placentas y determina si se requiere estudio anatomopatológico. Este artículo explica cómo hacer la selección de manera efectiva.
Keywords
Placenta, newborn, stillborn, pathology, delivery, obstetric, placenta, recién nacido, mortinato, patología, parto,
References
1. Benirschke K, Kaufmann P, Baergen R. Examination of the placenta. In: Benirschke K, Kaufmann P, Baergen R. Pathology of the human placenta. 5th ed. New York: Springer; 2006. p. 1-12.
2. Yuen RK, Robinson WP. Review: A high capacity of the human placenta for genetic and epigenetic variation: implications for assessing pregnancy outcome. Placenta. 2011;32 Suppl 2:S136-41.
3. Kidron D, Bernheim J, Aviram R. Placental findings contributing to fetal death, a study of 120 stillbirths between 23 and 40 weeks gestation. Placenta. 2009 Aug;30(8):700-4.
4. Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network Writing Group. Causes of death among stillbirths. JAMA. 2011;306(22): 2459-68.
5. World Health Organization. Statistics [internet]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/indneonatalmortality/en/.
6. Index Mundi. Tasa de mortalidad infantil [internet]. 2012 [citado 2013 abril]. Disponible en: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:M4jPRHbesqgJ:www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx %3Fv %3D29 %26l%3Des+mortalidad+infantil+por+paises&cd=1&hl=es&ct=clnk&gl=co.
7. Chang KTE. Pathological examination of the placenta: Raison d’être, clinical relevance and medicolegal utility. Singapore Med J. 2009;50(12):1123-33.
8. Gersell DJ, Kraus FT. Diseases of the placenta. In: Kurman RJ. Blausein’s pathology of the female genital tract. 5th ed. New York: Springer; 2002. p. 1103-91.
9. Khong TY. The placenta in stillbirth. Current Diagnostic Pathology. 2006; (12):161-72.
10. Langston C, Kaplan C, Macpherson T, et al. Practice guideline for examination of the placenta: developed by the placental pathology practice guideline development task force of the College of American Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1997;121:449-76.
11. De Laat M, Franx A, Bots M, Viser GH, Nikkels GJ. Umbilical Coiling Index in Normal and Complicated Pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(5):1049-55.
12. Kashanian M, Akbarian A, Kouhpayehzadeh J. The umbilical coiling index and adverse perinatal outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;95(1):8-13.
13. De Laat M, Franx A, Bots M, Viser GH, Nikkels GJ. Umbilical Coiling Index in Normal and Complicated Pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(5):1049-55.
14. Kashanian M, Akbarian A, Kouhpayehzadeh J. The umbilical coiling index and adverse perinatal outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;95(1):8-13.
15. Silver RM. Fetal Death. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:153-67.
16. Silver RM, Varner MW, Reddy U, et al. Work-up of stillbirth: a review of the evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196(5):433-44.
17. Olaya Contreras M, Zarante A. Trisomía 13 y sus alteraciones placentarias. Reporte de caso. Univ Méd. 2012;53(4):443-5.
18. Wang Y, Zhao S. Placental Blood Circulation. In Wang Y, Zhao S. Vascular biology of the Placenta. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2010. p. 3-11.
19. Belkacemi L, Nelson DM, Desai M, Ross MG. Maternal undernutrition influences placental-fetal development. Biol Reprod. 2010;83(3):325-31.
20. Nilsson PM, Holmäng A. Developmental origins of adult disease: an introduction. J Intern Med. 2007;261(5):410-11.
21. Belkacemi L, Nelson DM, Desai M, Ross MG. Maternal undernutrition influences placental-fetal development. Biol Reprod. 2010;83(3):325-31.
22. Martin de Llano J, Fuertes G, Torró I, et al. Birth weight and characteristics of endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from human umbilical cord vessels. J Transl Med. 2009;7:30.
23. Cunningham G, Leveno KJ, Bloom S, et al. Williams obstetricia. 23ª ed. México DF: McGraw Hill; 2010. p.78-106.
24. Dieber-Rotheneder M, Beganovic S, Desoye G, et al. Complex expression changes of the placental endothelin system in early and late onset preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and gestational diabetes. Life Sci. 2012;91(13-14):710-5.
25. García-Robles R, Ayala-Ramírez P, Espinosa A, et al. Alteration of placental haemostatic mechanisms in idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction. Universitas Scientiarum. 2012;17(2):179-88.
26. Korteweg FJ, Gordijn SJ, Timmer A, et al. A placental cause of intra-uterine fetal death depends on the perinatal mortality classification system used. Placenta. 2008;29(1):71-80.
27. Tantbirojn P, Saleemuddin A, Sirois K, et al. Gross Abnormalities of the umbilical cord: Related Placental Histology and Clinical Significance. Placenta. 2009;30(12):1083-8.
28. Silver RM. Optimal “work-up” of stillbirth: evidence! Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(1):1-2.
29. Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Código Sanitario Nacional: Ley 09 de 1979. Título IX. p. 98-108.
30. Histopathology of limited or no clinical value. Report of a working group of the Royal College of Pathologists. Guideline of the Royal College of Pathologists, London: Royal College of Pathologists; 2002.
31. Spencer MK, Khong TY. Conformity to guidelines for pathologic examination of the placenta. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127:205-7.
32. Kaplan C. Placental pathology for the nineties. Pathol Annu. 1993;28 Pt 1:15-72.
33. Kaplan C. Examinations procedures in color atlas of gross placental pathology. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 1-11.
34. Baergen RN. Macroscopic evaluation of the second and third trimester placenta. In: Baergen RN. Manual of and Kaufmann’s pathology of the human placenta. New York: Springfield; 2005. p. 23-44.
35. Kraus F, Redline R, Gersell D, Nelson M, Dicke J. Clinical syndromes and their pathologic interpretation. In: Placental pathology. Washington, DC: American Registry of Pathology (AFIP); 2004. p. 33-46.
36. Hargitai B, Marton T, Cox PM. Best practice no 178. Examination of the human placenta. J Clin Pathol. 2004; 57(8):785-92.
2. Yuen RK, Robinson WP. Review: A high capacity of the human placenta for genetic and epigenetic variation: implications for assessing pregnancy outcome. Placenta. 2011;32 Suppl 2:S136-41.
3. Kidron D, Bernheim J, Aviram R. Placental findings contributing to fetal death, a study of 120 stillbirths between 23 and 40 weeks gestation. Placenta. 2009 Aug;30(8):700-4.
4. Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network Writing Group. Causes of death among stillbirths. JAMA. 2011;306(22): 2459-68.
5. World Health Organization. Statistics [internet]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/indneonatalmortality/en/.
6. Index Mundi. Tasa de mortalidad infantil [internet]. 2012 [citado 2013 abril]. Disponible en: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:M4jPRHbesqgJ:www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx %3Fv %3D29 %26l%3Des+mortalidad+infantil+por+paises&cd=1&hl=es&ct=clnk&gl=co.
7. Chang KTE. Pathological examination of the placenta: Raison d’être, clinical relevance and medicolegal utility. Singapore Med J. 2009;50(12):1123-33.
8. Gersell DJ, Kraus FT. Diseases of the placenta. In: Kurman RJ. Blausein’s pathology of the female genital tract. 5th ed. New York: Springer; 2002. p. 1103-91.
9. Khong TY. The placenta in stillbirth. Current Diagnostic Pathology. 2006; (12):161-72.
10. Langston C, Kaplan C, Macpherson T, et al. Practice guideline for examination of the placenta: developed by the placental pathology practice guideline development task force of the College of American Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1997;121:449-76.
11. De Laat M, Franx A, Bots M, Viser GH, Nikkels GJ. Umbilical Coiling Index in Normal and Complicated Pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(5):1049-55.
12. Kashanian M, Akbarian A, Kouhpayehzadeh J. The umbilical coiling index and adverse perinatal outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;95(1):8-13.
13. De Laat M, Franx A, Bots M, Viser GH, Nikkels GJ. Umbilical Coiling Index in Normal and Complicated Pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(5):1049-55.
14. Kashanian M, Akbarian A, Kouhpayehzadeh J. The umbilical coiling index and adverse perinatal outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;95(1):8-13.
15. Silver RM. Fetal Death. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:153-67.
16. Silver RM, Varner MW, Reddy U, et al. Work-up of stillbirth: a review of the evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196(5):433-44.
17. Olaya Contreras M, Zarante A. Trisomía 13 y sus alteraciones placentarias. Reporte de caso. Univ Méd. 2012;53(4):443-5.
18. Wang Y, Zhao S. Placental Blood Circulation. In Wang Y, Zhao S. Vascular biology of the Placenta. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2010. p. 3-11.
19. Belkacemi L, Nelson DM, Desai M, Ross MG. Maternal undernutrition influences placental-fetal development. Biol Reprod. 2010;83(3):325-31.
20. Nilsson PM, Holmäng A. Developmental origins of adult disease: an introduction. J Intern Med. 2007;261(5):410-11.
21. Belkacemi L, Nelson DM, Desai M, Ross MG. Maternal undernutrition influences placental-fetal development. Biol Reprod. 2010;83(3):325-31.
22. Martin de Llano J, Fuertes G, Torró I, et al. Birth weight and characteristics of endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures from human umbilical cord vessels. J Transl Med. 2009;7:30.
23. Cunningham G, Leveno KJ, Bloom S, et al. Williams obstetricia. 23ª ed. México DF: McGraw Hill; 2010. p.78-106.
24. Dieber-Rotheneder M, Beganovic S, Desoye G, et al. Complex expression changes of the placental endothelin system in early and late onset preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and gestational diabetes. Life Sci. 2012;91(13-14):710-5.
25. García-Robles R, Ayala-Ramírez P, Espinosa A, et al. Alteration of placental haemostatic mechanisms in idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction. Universitas Scientiarum. 2012;17(2):179-88.
26. Korteweg FJ, Gordijn SJ, Timmer A, et al. A placental cause of intra-uterine fetal death depends on the perinatal mortality classification system used. Placenta. 2008;29(1):71-80.
27. Tantbirojn P, Saleemuddin A, Sirois K, et al. Gross Abnormalities of the umbilical cord: Related Placental Histology and Clinical Significance. Placenta. 2009;30(12):1083-8.
28. Silver RM. Optimal “work-up” of stillbirth: evidence! Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(1):1-2.
29. Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Código Sanitario Nacional: Ley 09 de 1979. Título IX. p. 98-108.
30. Histopathology of limited or no clinical value. Report of a working group of the Royal College of Pathologists. Guideline of the Royal College of Pathologists, London: Royal College of Pathologists; 2002.
31. Spencer MK, Khong TY. Conformity to guidelines for pathologic examination of the placenta. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127:205-7.
32. Kaplan C. Placental pathology for the nineties. Pathol Annu. 1993;28 Pt 1:15-72.
33. Kaplan C. Examinations procedures in color atlas of gross placental pathology. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 1-11.
34. Baergen RN. Macroscopic evaluation of the second and third trimester placenta. In: Baergen RN. Manual of and Kaufmann’s pathology of the human placenta. New York: Springfield; 2005. p. 23-44.
35. Kraus F, Redline R, Gersell D, Nelson M, Dicke J. Clinical syndromes and their pathologic interpretation. In: Placental pathology. Washington, DC: American Registry of Pathology (AFIP); 2004. p. 33-46.
36. Hargitai B, Marton T, Cox PM. Best practice no 178. Examination of the human placenta. J Clin Pathol. 2004; 57(8):785-92.
Cómo citar
Olaya Contreras, M. (2013). Lo que las placentas dicen pero nadie quiere escuchar. Universitas Medica, 55(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed55-1.qpdp
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