Características microbiológicas y moleculares de microorganismos de importancia en caries dental y enfermedad periodontal: aportes de investigación en Colombia
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Antecedentes: La caries dental es un proceso patológico infeccioso y multifactorial que destruye los tejidos duros dentales, y Streptococcus mutans es el principal microorganismo asociado a esta enfermedad. La enfermedad periodontal es una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial y en su etiología Porphyromonas gingivalis es muy importante por sus factores de virulencia y papel en la patología periodontal. Objetivos y metodología: este artículo de revisión integradora construido con base en experiencias de investigación ya publicadas de los autores de este documento y contrastadas con otros estudios a nivel mundial, tuvo como objetivo describir las características microbiológicas y moleculares de S. mutans y P. gingivalis, microorganismos, respectivamente, de gran importancia en caries dental y enfermedad periodontal. Se encontraron importantes estudios con el uso de las siguientes palabras clave o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) en PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar: “S. mutans” y “P. gingivalis” y “identificación fenotípica” y “caracterización genotípica”. Resultados: De S. mutans, se identificaron diferentes biotipos de acuerdo a la metodología empleada, amplia susceptibilidad antimicrobiana y variabilidad genotípica por AP-PCR que depende del anidamiento de los primers sobre el ADN. De P. gingivalis se encontró alta susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos y amplia discriminación genotípica por la técnica AFLP. Conclusión: el profundo conocimiento fenotípico y genotípico de S. mutans y P. gingivalis, bacterias de gran importancia en caries dental y enfermedad periodontal, unido al estudio epidemiológico clásico podría ser muy importante en la aplicación de mejores estrategias de prevención y control que impacten la salud pública oral en estas dos enfermedades.
dentistry, molecular characterization, oral microbiology, P. gingivalis, Antibacteriano, bacterias, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Fitoterapia., Streptococcus mutans, S. mutanscaracterización molecular, estudio fenotípico, microbiología oral, odontología, P. gingivalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, S. mutanscaracterização molecular, microbiologia oral, estudo fenotípico, odontologia, P. gingivalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, S. mutans
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