Keywords
biofilm
child
dental plaque
dentistry
gingival
microbiome
microorganisms
mixed dentition
oral microbiology
oral microbiota
pathogens
pediatric dentistry
periodontal
periodontics
primary dentition
subgingival
supragingival
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Microorganisms of dental biofilm coexist in relative harmony. Microenvironment changes can result in an excessive growth of pathogenic microorganisms associated with chronic inflammatory processes such as gingivitis and periodontitis. The microbiota of the gingival sulcus can vary substantially depending on physiological characteristics of children and adolescents. Purpose: To analyze the evidence on bacterial composition in 3-to-12-year-old children old and its association with the gingival and periodontal status. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, SciELO, LiLACS, ProQuest, EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Titles, abstracts, and full articles were read. Quality and validity of studies were determined through the Consort and Strobe checklists. The articles were classified regarding level of evidence and the grades of recommendation through the SIGN. Results: Microbial profiles of supra and subgingival biofilm in children are similar in more than 80 %, with predominance of Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp., mainly S. sanguinis. Early colonization of supra and subgingival microbiota was related with the presence of gingivitis in older children. Evidence about general health condition, sociodemographic situation, bacterial interaction, microbial composition, and periodontal state was limited and inconclusive. Conclusion: There is not enough scientific evidence to confirm the relationship between bacterial composition and gingival and periodontal status in children aged 3-12 years. However, it is suggested that, as age increases, the presence of periodontal pathogens related to periodontal disease is likely.
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