Resumo
Antecedentes: O edentulismo é um dos principais problemas de saúde bucal que causam problemas fisiológicos, sociais, estéticos, fonéticos e nutricionais. As terapias atuais para a substituição dentária são artificiais e não satisfazem os requisitos básicos de um dente natural. A bioengenharia de tecidos pode ser uma alternativa viável para substituir os dentes perdidos. Objetivo: Identificar as atuais abordagens / técnicas disponíveis para obter um dente bioengenheiro completo (bio-dente) e apontar futuros desafios e perspectivas. Métodos: Esta foi uma revisão integrativa da literatura. As palavras-chave de pesquisa usadas foram: bio-dente, bioengenharia de tecidos, dente inteiro, células-tronco. A pesquisa incluiu os anos de 2000 a 2018, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Science Direct, Biblioteca Wiley Online, Lilacs e Google Scholar, ambas em inglês e espanhol. Apenas artigos e livros relevantes e pertinentes foram selecionados. Resultados: foram obtidos 53 artigos e 10 livros. Os métodos para geração de bio-dente encontrados foram: arcabouços, células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas sem scaffold, germe de órgão dentário, dente quimérico e estimulação da formação da terceira dentição. Conseguir o tamanho e a forma do dente normal e obter células epiteliais são os principais desafios. Conclusões: A possibilidade de criar e desenvolver todo um dente de bioengenharia (bio-dente) em um ambiente oral adulto está se tornando mais realista, considerando os avanços biotecnológicos diários. É possível que esses conceitos sejam a base da odontologia restauradora em um futuro próximo.
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