Prevalence and Characterization of Menopausal Symptoms in Climacteric Women of the Coffee Region, Colombia, 2018-2020
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Nov 29, 2022
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Abstract
Objective: to determine the prevalence and characterize the symptoms of menopause in climacteric women of the Coffee Region.
Materials and methods: cross-sectional study; It included women over 45 years of age, residents of the Coffee Region (Colombia), in the climacteric stage, sexually active and not users of menopausal hormone therapy; between 2018 and 2020. It was carried out in three highly complex private clinics in the cities of Manizales, Pereira and Armenia. The Kupperman index and the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (MENQOL) were applied as instruments. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was carried out.
Results: 594 women participated, with an average age of 49.28 ± 6.17 years. Mean age of menopause 48.71 ± 4.93 years. The prevalence of menopausal symptoms was 71.88%. Most of the women had hot flashes (71.88%), followed by irritability (63.13%) and insomnia (54.88%). The Kupperman index score in the total population was 18.58 ± 7.61 points. According to the MENQOL, the highest averages belong to the vasomotor dimensions (7.13 ± 2.54) and psychosocial (6.48 ± 2.17); affecting the quality of life of 68.85%.
Conclusions: the climacteric women of the Coffee Region had a prevalence of menopausal symptoms close to three-quarters of the participants, characterized mainly by hot flashes and irritability. The poor quality of life is attributed to vasomotor symptoms. It is necessary to explore the impact of climacteric syndrome during medical care, in order to offer timely solutions.
Keywords
prevalence, signs and symptoms, menopause, surveys and questionnaires, quality of lifeprevalencia, signos y síntomas, menopausia, encuestas y cuestionarios, calidad de vida
References
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9. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H, Liu Z, Gracia CR. Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(5):1095-1104. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de
10. Kupperman HS, Blatt MH, Wiesbader H, Filler W. Comparative clinical evaluation of estrogenic preparations by the menopausal and amenorrheal indices. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1953;13(6):688-703. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-13-6-688
11. Hilditch JR, Lewis J, Peter A, van Maris B, Ross A, Franssen E, et al. A menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire: development and psychometric properties. Maturitas. 1996;24(3):161-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5122(96)82006-8
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13. Palacios S, Ferrer-Barriendos J, Parrilla JJ, Castelo-Branco C, Manubens M, Alberich X, et al. Desarrollo y validación de la Escala Cervantes. Med Clin (Barc). 2004;122(6):205-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7753(04)74198-6
14. Utian WH, Janata JW, Kingsberg SA, Schluchter M, Hamilton JC. The Utian Quality of Life (UQOL) Scale: development and validation of an instrument to quantify quality of life through and beyond menopause. Menopause. 2002;9(6):402-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042192-200211000-00005
15. Greene JG. Constructing a standard climacteric scale. Maturitas. 1998;29(1):25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5122(98)00025-5
16. Buendía Bermejo J, Rodríguez Segarra R, Yubero Bascuñana N, Martínez Vizcaíno V. Diseño y validación de un cuestionario en castellano para medir calidad de vida en mujeres posmenopáusicas: el cuestionario MENCAV. Aten Prim. 2001;27(2):94-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0212-6567(01)78780-x
17. North American Menopause Society. The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of: The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2012;19(3):257-71. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31824b970a
18. Tran S, Hickey M, Saunders C, Ramage L, Cohen PA. Nonpharmacological therapies for the management of menopausal vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29(3):1183-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05754-w
19. Onatra W, Sánchez J, Acuña G, Arango Salazar G, Barón G, de la Cruz J, et al. Epidemiología de la menopausia en Colombia: estudio cooperativo. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol. 1994;45(Supl. 4):20-7.
20. Espitia-De La Hoz FJ. Evaluación de la prevalencia de disfunción sexual en mujeres médicos, del Eje Cafetero colombiano, en etapa de climaterio. Arch Med (Manizales). 2017;17(1):70-7.
21. Sánchez J, Onatra W, Castellanos J, Sanjuanello C, Gamboa P, Ríos MT. Evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular y calidad de vida en mujeres pre y posmenopáusicas de la consulta de climaterio de tres hospitales de Bogotá. Periodo del 2011-2012. Rev Col Menopausia. 2013;19(4):280-91.
22. Molina-Valencia J, Marín-Castro AE, Vargas-Grisales N, Rojas-Jiménez S, Lopera-Valle JS, Cardona-Vélez J, et al. Características clínicas de mujeres menopáusicas de una clínica privada de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2017;85(4):234-40.
23. da Silva AR, d'Andretta Tanaka AC. Factors associated with menopausal symptom severity in middle-aged Brazilian women from the Brazilian Western Amazon. Maturitas. 2013;76(1):64-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.015
24. Chedraui P, Aguirre W, Calle A, Hidalgo L, León-León P, Miranda O, et al. Risk factors related to the presence and severity of hot flushes in mid-aged Ecuadorian women. Maturitas. 2010;65(4):378-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.11.024
25. Singh A, Pradhan SK. Menopausal symptoms of postmenopausal women in a rural community of Delhi, India: A cross-sectional study. J Midlife Health. 2014;5(2):62-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-7800.133989
26. Krishnamoorthy Y, Sarveswaran G, Jayaseelan V, Sakthivel M, Arivarasan Y, Bharathnag N. Assessment of quality of life based on psychological, somatovegetative, and urogenital health problems among postmenopausal women in Urban Puducherry, South India: a cross-sectional observational study. J Midlife Health. 2018;9(4):173-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_61_18
27. Larroy C, Quiroga-Garza A, González-Castro PJ, Robles Sánchez JI. Symptomatology and quality of life between two populations of climacteric women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020;23(4):517-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-01005-y
28. Martins MA, Nahas EA, Nahas-Neto J, Uemura G, Buttros Dde A, Traiman P. Qualidade de vida em mulheres na pós-menopausa, usuárias e não usuárias de terapia hormonal. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2009;31(4):196-202. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-72032009000400007
29. Jenabi E, Shabbier F, Hazavehei SM, Roshanaei G. Assessment of questionnaire measuring quality of life in menopausal women: a systematic review. Oman Med J. 2015;30(3):151-6. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2015.34
2. Sherman BM, West JH, Korenman SG. The menopausal transition: analysis of LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations during menstrual cycles of older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1976; 42(4):629-36. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-42-4-629
3. Nelson HD. Menopause. Lancet. 2008;371(9614):760-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60346-3
4. LeRoith D. Postmenopausal endocrinology. Foreword. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2015; 44(3):xiii-xv. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2015.07.002
5. World Health Organization. Research on the menopause in the 1990s: report of a WHO scientific group. WHO technical report series [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996 [Cited 2021 Jul 25]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/41841/1/WHO_TRS_866.pdf
6. Palacios S, Henderson VW, Siseles N, Tan D, Villaseca P. Age of menopause and impact of climacteric symptoms by geographical region. Climacteric. 2010;13(5):419-28. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2010.507886
7. Sierra Londoño B, Echeverri Ramírez MC, Raigosa Londoño G. Prevalencia de síntomas menopaúsicos, dislipidemias y problemas sexuales en mujeres menopáusicas de Medellín, Colombia. Rev Col Menopausia. 2016;22(3):25-32.
8. Monterrosa Castro Á, Salguedo Madrid M, Carrascal JM. Correlación entre síntomas menopáusicos y percepción de estrés en mujeres del caribe colombiano. Medicina. 2016; 38(1):25-38.
9. Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H, Liu Z, Gracia CR. Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(5):1095-1104. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de
10. Kupperman HS, Blatt MH, Wiesbader H, Filler W. Comparative clinical evaluation of estrogenic preparations by the menopausal and amenorrheal indices. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1953;13(6):688-703. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-13-6-688
11. Hilditch JR, Lewis J, Peter A, van Maris B, Ross A, Franssen E, et al. A menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire: development and psychometric properties. Maturitas. 1996;24(3):161-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5122(96)82006-8
12. Schneider HP, Heinemann LA, Rosemeier HP, Potthoff P, Behre HM. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS): comparison with Kupperman index and quality-of-life scale SF-36. Climacteric. 2000;3(1):50-8. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697130009167599
13. Palacios S, Ferrer-Barriendos J, Parrilla JJ, Castelo-Branco C, Manubens M, Alberich X, et al. Desarrollo y validación de la Escala Cervantes. Med Clin (Barc). 2004;122(6):205-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7753(04)74198-6
14. Utian WH, Janata JW, Kingsberg SA, Schluchter M, Hamilton JC. The Utian Quality of Life (UQOL) Scale: development and validation of an instrument to quantify quality of life through and beyond menopause. Menopause. 2002;9(6):402-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042192-200211000-00005
15. Greene JG. Constructing a standard climacteric scale. Maturitas. 1998;29(1):25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5122(98)00025-5
16. Buendía Bermejo J, Rodríguez Segarra R, Yubero Bascuñana N, Martínez Vizcaíno V. Diseño y validación de un cuestionario en castellano para medir calidad de vida en mujeres posmenopáusicas: el cuestionario MENCAV. Aten Prim. 2001;27(2):94-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0212-6567(01)78780-x
17. North American Menopause Society. The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of: The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2012;19(3):257-71. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31824b970a
18. Tran S, Hickey M, Saunders C, Ramage L, Cohen PA. Nonpharmacological therapies for the management of menopausal vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29(3):1183-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05754-w
19. Onatra W, Sánchez J, Acuña G, Arango Salazar G, Barón G, de la Cruz J, et al. Epidemiología de la menopausia en Colombia: estudio cooperativo. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol. 1994;45(Supl. 4):20-7.
20. Espitia-De La Hoz FJ. Evaluación de la prevalencia de disfunción sexual en mujeres médicos, del Eje Cafetero colombiano, en etapa de climaterio. Arch Med (Manizales). 2017;17(1):70-7.
21. Sánchez J, Onatra W, Castellanos J, Sanjuanello C, Gamboa P, Ríos MT. Evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular y calidad de vida en mujeres pre y posmenopáusicas de la consulta de climaterio de tres hospitales de Bogotá. Periodo del 2011-2012. Rev Col Menopausia. 2013;19(4):280-91.
22. Molina-Valencia J, Marín-Castro AE, Vargas-Grisales N, Rojas-Jiménez S, Lopera-Valle JS, Cardona-Vélez J, et al. Características clínicas de mujeres menopáusicas de una clínica privada de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2017;85(4):234-40.
23. da Silva AR, d'Andretta Tanaka AC. Factors associated with menopausal symptom severity in middle-aged Brazilian women from the Brazilian Western Amazon. Maturitas. 2013;76(1):64-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.015
24. Chedraui P, Aguirre W, Calle A, Hidalgo L, León-León P, Miranda O, et al. Risk factors related to the presence and severity of hot flushes in mid-aged Ecuadorian women. Maturitas. 2010;65(4):378-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.11.024
25. Singh A, Pradhan SK. Menopausal symptoms of postmenopausal women in a rural community of Delhi, India: A cross-sectional study. J Midlife Health. 2014;5(2):62-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-7800.133989
26. Krishnamoorthy Y, Sarveswaran G, Jayaseelan V, Sakthivel M, Arivarasan Y, Bharathnag N. Assessment of quality of life based on psychological, somatovegetative, and urogenital health problems among postmenopausal women in Urban Puducherry, South India: a cross-sectional observational study. J Midlife Health. 2018;9(4):173-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_61_18
27. Larroy C, Quiroga-Garza A, González-Castro PJ, Robles Sánchez JI. Symptomatology and quality of life between two populations of climacteric women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020;23(4):517-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-01005-y
28. Martins MA, Nahas EA, Nahas-Neto J, Uemura G, Buttros Dde A, Traiman P. Qualidade de vida em mulheres na pós-menopausa, usuárias e não usuárias de terapia hormonal. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2009;31(4):196-202. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-72032009000400007
29. Jenabi E, Shabbier F, Hazavehei SM, Roshanaei G. Assessment of questionnaire measuring quality of life in menopausal women: a systematic review. Oman Med J. 2015;30(3):151-6. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2015.34
How to Cite
Espitia De La Hoz, F. J. (2022). Prevalence and Characterization of Menopausal Symptoms in Climacteric Women of the Coffee Region, Colombia, 2018-2020. Universitas Medica, 63(3). https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.umed63-3.smmc
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