Inmunidad celular y humoral frente a microrganismos cariogénicos y sus factores de virulencia en caries dental en humanos naturalmente sensibilizados / Cellular and Humoral Immunity to Cariogenic Microorganisms and their Virulence Factors in Dental Caries
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Resumen
La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial. Actualmente se estudia y comprende la mayoría de sus factores etiológicos, su progreso y su tratamiento preventivo y curativo; pero el conocimiento de cómo desencadena la respuesta inmune en humanos no se ha esclarecido. En este artículo se presenta un análisis del conocimiento sobre la respuesta inmune innata y adaptativa o específica frente a los microrganismos cariogénicos y sus antígenos más relevantes como factores de virulencia en caries dental. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los estudios se han realizado con Streptococcus mutans y sus antígenos; pero poco se conoce acerca de la respuesta frente a otros microrganismos cariogénicos. La respuesta proliferativa de las células T y el polimorfismo de la β-defensina-1 son los únicos elementos del sistema inmune que muestran algún papel en la resistencia o susceptibilidad a la enfermedad. Los otros elementos no pueden asociarse claramente con un papel protector en caries dental en humanos naturalmente sensibilizados.
Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease; currently, most of its etiological factors, progress and preventive and curative treatment are understood, but knowledge of how the immune response is triggered in humans has not been elucidated. This article analyzes the innate and adaptive or specific immune response against cariogenic microorganisms and their most relevant antigens as virulence factors in dental caries. Findings show that most of the studies have been performed with Streptococcus mutans and their antigens but little is known about the response to other cariogenic microorganisms. The proliferative response of T cells and polymorphism of β-defensin-1 are the only elements of the immune system that show some role in resistance or susceptibility to disease. The other elements cannot be associated clearly with a protective role in dental caries in naturally sensitized humans.
Keywords
References
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8. Lehner T, Lamb JR, Welsh KL, Batchelor RJ. Association between HLA-DR antigens and helper cell activity in the control of dental caries. Nature. 1981 Aug; 292(5825): 770-2.
9. Zlotnik A, Yoshie O. Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity. 2000; 12(2): 121-7.
10. Rodríguez A. Respuesta inmune frente a microorganismos cariogénicos. Univ Odontol. 2000 May; 20(Supl 1): 56-63.
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35. Naspitz GM, Nagao AT, Mayer MP, Carneiro-Sampaio MM. Anti-Streptococcus mutans antibodies in saliva of children with different degrees of dental caries. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1999 May; 10(2): 143-8.
36. Shifa S, Muthu MS, Amarlal D, Rathna Prabhu V. Quantitative assessment of IgA levels in the unstimulated whole saliva of caries-free and caries-active children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008 Dec;26(4): 158-61.
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2. Taubman MA, Nash DA. The scientific and public-health imperative for a vaccine against dental caries. Nat Rev Immunol, 2006 Jul; 6(7): 555-63.
3. Chaves Clavijo M, Gómez Ramírez SI, Martínez Pabón MC. Microorganismos asociados al desarrollo de la caries dental. Univ Odont. 2000 May; 20(Supl 1): 33-42.
4. Rodríguez A, González OA. Fisiopatología de la caries dental. Univ Odontol. 2000 May; 20(Supl 1): 56-63.
5. Kelly CG, Todryk S, Kendal HL, Munro GH, Lehner T. T-cell, adhesion, and B-cell epitopes of the cell surface Streptococcus mutans protein antigen I/II. Infect Immun. 1995 Sep; 63(9): 3649-58.
6. Rodríguez A. Perspectivas de una vacuna contra la caries dental. Univ Odontol. 2004 Jun-Dic; 24 (54-55): 137-43.
7. Gómez SI, Roa NS, Rodríguez A. Inmunología de la caries dental En: Gutiérrez S, editor. Fundamentos de ciencias básicas aplicadas a la odontología. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; 2006. pp. 170-87.
8. Lehner T, Lamb JR, Welsh KL, Batchelor RJ. Association between HLA-DR antigens and helper cell activity in the control of dental caries. Nature. 1981 Aug; 292(5825): 770-2.
9. Zlotnik A, Yoshie O. Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity. 2000; 12(2): 121-7.
10. Rodríguez A. Respuesta inmune frente a microorganismos cariogénicos. Univ Odontol. 2000 May; 20(Supl 1): 56-63.
11. Lenander-Lumikari M, Loimaranta V. Saliva and dental caries. Adv Dent Res. 2000 Dec; 14: 40-7.
12. Grahn E, Tenovuo J, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E, ViljaP. Antimicrobial systems of human whole saliva in relation to dental caries, cariogenic bacteria, and gingival inflammation in young adults. Acta Odontol Scand. 1988 Apr; 46(2): 67-74.
13. Tenovuo J, Jentsch H, Soukka T, Karhuvaara L. Antimicrobial factors of saliva in relation to dental caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci. J Biol Buccale. 1992 Jun; 20(2): 85-90.
14. Kirstillä V, Häkkinen P, Jentsch H et al. Longitudinal analysis of the association of human salivary antimicrobial agents with caries increment and cariogenic micro-organisms: a two-year cohort study. J Dent Res. 1998 Jan; 77(1): 73-80.
15. Tao R, Jurevic RJ, Coulton KK, Tsutsui MT, Roberts MC, Kimball JR, Wells N, Berndt J, Dale BA. Salivary antimicrobial peptide expression and dental caries experience in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Sep; 49(9): 3883-8.
16. Hao GF, Lin HC. Relationship of concentration of lactoferrin and lysozyme in saliva and dental caries in primary dentition. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Feb; 44(2): 82-4.
17. Phattarataratip E, Olson B, Broffitt B, Qian F, Brogden KA, Drake DR, Levy SM, Banas JA. Streptococcus mutans strains recovered from caries-active or caries-free individuals differ in sensitivity to host antimicrobial peptides. Mol Oral Mirobiol. 2011 Jun; 26(3): 187-99. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2011.00607.x.
18. Ozturk A, Famili P, Vieira AR. The antimicrobial peptide DEFB1 is associated with caries. J Dent Res. 2010; 89(6): 631-36.
19. Toomarian L, Sattari M, Hashemi N, Tadayon N, Akbarzadeh Baghban A. Comparison of neutrophil apoptosis, α-defensins and calprotectin in children with and without severe early childhood caries. Iran J Immunol. 2011 Mar; 8(1): 11-9.
20. Moore MA, Gregory RL, Switalski LM, Hakki ZW, Gfell LE, et al. Differential activation of human neutrophils by Streptococcus mutans isolates from surface lesions and caries-free and caries-active subjects. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 1998; 13: 41-6.
21. Bergandi L, Defabianis P, Re F, Preti G, Aldieri E, Garetto S, Bosia A, Ghigo D. Absence of soluble CD14 in saliva of young patients with dental caries. Eur J Oral Sci. 2007 Apr; 115(2): 93-6.
22. Biria M, Sattari M, Golpayegani V, Kooshki F. Association of salivary sCD14 concentration levels with early childhood caries. Iran J Immunol. 2010; Sept 7(3): 193-7.
23. Hieshima K, Ohtani H, Shibano M, Izawa D, Nakayama T, Kawasaki Y, Shiba F, Shiota M et al. CCL28 has dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemokine with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. J Immunol. 2003; 170(3): 1452-61.
24. Kamoda Y, Uematsu H, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H, Senpuku H. Role of activated natural killer cells in oral diseases. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008; 61(6): 469-74
25. Ivanyi L, Lehner T. The relationship between caries index and stimulation of lymphocytes by Streptococcus mutans in mothers and their neonates. Arch Oral Biol. 1978; 23(10): 851-6.
26. Parkash H, Sharma A, Banerjee U, Sidhu SS, Sundaram KR. Differential cell-mediated immune response to S. mutans in children with low and high dental caries. Indian Pediatr. 1993 Aug; 30(8): 991-5.
27. Roa NS, Gómez SI, Rodríguez A. Cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells against a synthetic GTF-I(1301-1322) peptide of Streptococcus mutans in naturally sensitized humans. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2008; 21(2): 153-8.
28. Challacombe SJ. Salivary IgA antibodies to antigens from Streptococcus mutans in human dental caries. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1978; 107: 355-67.
29. Chawda JG, Chaduvula N, Patel HR, Jain SS, Lala AK. Salivary SIgA and dental caries activity. Indian Pediatr. 2011 Sep; 48(9): 719-21.
30. Omar OM, Khattab NM, Rashed LA. Glucosyltransferase B, immunoglobulin A, and caries experience among a group of Egyptian preschool children. J Dent Child (Chic) 2012 May-Aug; 79(2): 63-8.
31. Bruno B, Pezzini A, Menegazzi M. Salivary levels of immunoglobulin and dental caries in children. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1985 Mar; 61(3): 381-6.
32. Al Amoudi N, Al Shukairy H, Hanno A. A comparative study of the secretory IgA immunoglobulins (s.IgA) in mothers and children with SECC versus a caries free group children and their mothers. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2007 Fall; 32(1): 53-6.
33. Bagherian A, Jafarzadeh A, Rezaeian M, Ahmadi S, Rezaity MT. Comparison of the salivary immunoglobulin concentration levels between children with early childhood caries and caries-free children. Iran J Immunol. 2008 Dec; 5(4): 217-21.
34. Ranadheer E, Nayak UA, Reddy NV, Rao VA. The relationship between salivary IgA levels and dental caries in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2011 Apr-Jun; 29(2): 106-12.
35. Naspitz GM, Nagao AT, Mayer MP, Carneiro-Sampaio MM. Anti-Streptococcus mutans antibodies in saliva of children with different degrees of dental caries. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1999 May; 10(2): 143-8.
36. Shifa S, Muthu MS, Amarlal D, Rathna Prabhu V. Quantitative assessment of IgA levels in the unstimulated whole saliva of caries-free and caries-active children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2008 Dec;26(4): 158-61.
37. Lehtonen OP, Grahn EM, Stahlberg TH, Laitinen LA. Amount and avidity of salivary and serum antibodies against Streptococcus mutans in two groups of human subjects with different dental caries susceptibility. Infect Immun. 1984 Jan; 43(1): 308-13.
38. Camling E, Köhler B. Infection with the bacterium Streptococcus mutans and salivary IgA antibodies in mothers and their children. Arch Oral Biol. 1987; 32(11): 817-23.
39. Rose PT, Gregory RL, Gfell LE, Hughes CV. IgA antibodies to Streptococcus mutans in caries-resistant and susceptible children. Pediatr Dent, 1994;16: 272-5.
40. Koga-Ito CY, Martins CA, Balducci I, Jorge AO. Correlation among mutans streptococci counts, dental caries, and IgA to Streptococcus mutans in saliva. Braz Oral Res. 2004 Oct-Dec; 18(4): 350-5.
41. Levine M, Owen WL, Avery KT. Antibody response to actinomyces antigen and dental caries experience: implications for caries susceptibility. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005 Jun; 12(6): 764-9.
42. Kent R, Smith DJ, Joshipura K, Soparkar P, et al. Humoral IgG antibodies to oral microbiota in a population at risk for root-surface caries. J Dent Res, 1992;71: 1399-407.
43. De Soet JJ, Schriks MC, Kratz E, Poland DC, van Dijk W, van Amerongen WE. Dental caries related to plasma IgG and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Caries Res. 2003 Mar-Apr; 37(2): 79-84.
44. Koga-Ito CY, Martins CA, Balducci I, Jorge AO. Correlation among mutans streptococci counts, dental caries, and IgA to Streptococcus mutans in saliva. Braz Oral Res. 2004 Oct-Dec; 18(4): 350-5.
45. Thaweboon S, Thaweboon B, Nakornchai S, Jitmaitree S. Salivary secretory IgA, pH, flow rates, mutans streptococci and Candida in children with rampant caries. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2008 Sep; 39(5): 893-9.
46. Gregory RL, Filler SJ, Michalek SM, McGhee JR. Salivary immunoglobulin A and serum antibodies to Streptococcus mutans ribosomal preparations in dental caries-free and caries-susceptible human subjects. Infect Immun. 1986 Jan; 51(1): 348-51.
47. Fontana M, Gfell LE, Gregory RL. Characterization of preparations enriched for Streptococcus mutans fimbriae: salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies in caries-free and caries-active subjects. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1995 Nov; 2(6): 719.
48. Chia JS, Lin SW, Yang CS, Chen JY. Antigenicity of a synthetic peptide from glucosyltranferases of Streptococcus mutans in humans. Infect immun. 1997 Mar; 65(3): 1126-30.
49. Sanui T, Gregory RL. Analysis of Streptococcus mutans biofilm proteins recognized by salivary immunoglobulin A. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2009 Oct; 24(5): 361-8.
50. Kirtaniya BC, Chawla HS, Tiwari A, Ganguly NK, Sachdev V. Natural prevalence of antibody titres to GTF of S. mutans in saliva in high and low caries active children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2009 Jul-Sep; 27(3): 135-8.
51. Ozturk A, Famili P, Vieira AR. The Antimicrobial Peptide DEFB1 is Associated with Caries. J Dent Res. 2010 Jun; 89(6): 631-636.
52. Bas S, Gauthier B, Spenato U, Stingelin S and Gabay C. CD14 is an Acute-Phase protein. J Immunol. 2004 Apr; 172(7): 4470-79.
53. De Soet JJ, van Gemert-Schriks MC, Laine ML, van Amerongen WE, Morré SA, van Winkelhoff AJ. Host and microbiological factors related to dental caries development. Caries Res. 2008; 42(5): 340-7.
54. Farges JC, Keller JF, Carrouel F, Durand SH, Romeas A, Bleicher F, Lebecque S, Staquet MJ. Odontoblasts in the dental pulp immune response. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. 2009 Jul; 312B(5): 425-36.
55. Adachi T, Nakanishi T, Yumoto H, Hirao K, Takahashi K, Mukai K, Nakae H and Matsuo T. Caries-related bacteria and cytokines induce CXCL10 in dental pulp. J Dent Res. 2007 Dec; 86(12): 1217-22.
56. Hieshima K, Ohtani H, Shibano M, Izawa D, Nakayama T, Kawasaki Y, Shiba F, Shiota M, Katou F, Saito T, Yoshie O. CCL28 has dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemokine with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. J Immunol. 2003 Feb; 170(3): 1452-61.
57. Lapham C, Hohn PA, Tomar RH. The mechanism of enhancement of natural killer cell activity by soluble streptococcal products. Clin Immunol Immunapathol. 1986 Aug; 40(2): 335-46.
58. Haller D, Serrant P, Granato D, Schiffrin EJ, Blum S. Activation of human NK cells by staphylococci and lactobacilli requires cell contact-dependent costimulation by autologous monocytes. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002 May; 9(3): 649-57.
59. Kamoda Y, Uematsu H, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H, Senpuku H. Role of activated natural killer cells in oral diseases. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2008 Nov; 61(6): 469-74.
60. Hajishengallis G, Sharma A, Russell MW, Genco RJ. Interactions of oral pathogens with toll-like receptors: possible role in aterosclerosis. Ann Periodontol. 2002 Dec; 7(1): 72-8.
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Cómo citar
Roa Molina, N. S., & Rodríguez Ciódaro, A. (2013). Inmunidad celular y humoral frente a microrganismos cariogénicos y sus factores de virulencia en caries dental en humanos naturalmente sensibilizados / Cellular and Humoral Immunity to Cariogenic Microorganisms and their Virulence Factors in Dental Caries. Universitas Odontologica, 32(69), 61–72. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revUnivOdontologica/article/view/SICI%3A%202027-3444%28201307%2932%3A69%3C61%3AICHFMC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H
Sección
Dossier Temático